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Pharmacology
Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Efficacy | represents the degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient. Once the efficacy level of a drug has been reached, increasing the dose does not improve the effect. |
| Therapeutic Index | the relationship between a drug’s ability to achieve the desired effect and its tendency to produce toxic effects; The drug's margin of safety |
| The LD50 | the dose of a drug that is lethal to 50% of the animals in a dose-related trial |
| The ED50 | the dose of a drug that produces the desired effect in 50% of the animals in a dose-related trial |
| Adverse Drug Event | harm to a patient caused by administration of a drug for therapeutic or diagnostic reasons |
| Adverse Drug Reaction | An undesirable response to a drug by a patient. It may vary in severity from mild to fatal. |
| Agonist | A drug with a high level of affinity and efficacy causes a specific action |
| Partial Agonist | A drug with less affinity and efficacy |
| Antagonist | A drug that blocks another drug from combining with a receptor |
| Drug's Half-Life | the time required for the amount of drug present in the body to be reduced by one half |
| Receptor | Structures on or in a cell that drugs bind to that cause an action or desired effect |
| Residues | Quantities of drug that remain in animal products when they are consumed |
| Withdrawal Time | is the amount of time required for the drug to be cleared from the animal’s system before being slaughtered for human consumption or food products (milk and eggs) can be sold |
| Veterinarian–Client–Patient Relationship (VCPR) | The set of circumstances that must exist between the veterinarian, the client, and the patient before the dispensing of prescription drugs is appropriate. |
| Regimen | A program for administration of a drug that includes the route, the dose (how much), the frequency (how often), and the duration (for how long) of administration. |
| Prescription (Legend) Drug | A drug limited to use under the supervision of a vet because of potential danger, difficulty of administration, or other considerations. The legend states: “Caution: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.” |
| parenteral | The route of administration of injectable drugs |
| over-the-counter drug | A drug that can be purchased without a prescription; these drugs contain ingredients that are safe or have low concentrations of an active ingredient. |
| nephron | The basic functional unit of the kidney |
| metabolism (biotransformation) | The biochemical process that alters a drug from an active form to a form that is inactive or that can be eliminated from the body. |
| The Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA) | Made the extralabel use of approved veterinary drugs legal under certain well defined conditions |
| compounding | Any manipulation (e.g., diluting, combining) performed to produce a dosage-form drug, other than the manipulations described in the directions for use on the labeling of an approved drug product |
| extralabel use | The use of a drug that is not specifically listed on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved label |
Created by:
fpatalino