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223 exam 2
All chapters for exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cardian rhythms | Affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines |
| Sleep | maintaining biological process; State of altered consciousness |
| Dreams | important to learning, memory processing, and adaptation to stress |
| Rest | Physical, mental, or emotional state of decreases muscle and cognitive activity |
| NERM and REM | non rapid eye movement; rapid eye movement |
| N1 (Formerly stage 1) | Lightest level of sleep only for a few minutes, fall in HR and RR and metabolism, Noise could wake the person up |
| N2 (Formerly stage 2) | Sound sleeping where there is increases in relaxation, Arousal can easily occurs, Brain and muscle activity slows down |
| N3 (Formerly stage 3 and 4) | Called slow wave sleep, Deepest stage, Difficult to arouse, Brain and muscle activity are significantly decreased |
| Insomnia | difficulty falling or staying asleep |
| Narcolepsy | CNS destruction, someone who can fall asleep at any time (ex: driving |
| Hypersomnolence | extremely tired throughout the day |
| Sleep hygiene | helps achieve quality of sleep; avoid activist at night, limit caffeine to morning |
| Polysomnogram | Lab diagnostic, EEG EMG EOG monitor stages and wakefulness during sleep |
| Sleep apnea | Lack of air flow during sleep |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | blocked air way, breath with the movement of chest and abdomen which results in snoring |
| Central sleep apnea | pausing of breathing. Nasal and chest wall movement are still |
| Cataplexy type 1 | sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions like anger, sadness, or laughter occurring at any time of day |
| Cataplexy type 2 | last a few seconds but if severe patient can lose voluntary muscle control and fall to the floor |
| Parasomnias | Sleep walking, sleep eating, night terrors, nightmares, teeth grinding, bed wetting |
| Sleep log | Record 1-2 weeks of awakenings, sleep, exercising, work, meals, alcohol, caffeine, naps |
| Epworth | Daytime sleepiness scale while cdoing ADLs |
| Daytime sleepiness scale | 0- would never node off; 1- slight change of nodding off, 2- moderate chance of nodding off, 3- high chance of nodding off |
| Analog | Best to worse scale |
| Stress | hazard to the balance of homeostasis |
| Stressor | physical, psychological, or social stimuli that can produce stress and endanger homeostasis |
| Stress Appraisal | how a person interprets the impact of the stressor. |
| Positive Stress | may lead to creative changes that enhance a person's life |
| Negative Stress | may trigger pathologic changes in tissues |
| Fight of flight response | Physiologic response to stress by activation of the autonomic nerves system |
| Alarm stage | body system is aroused; fight or flight kicks in (sympathetic) |
| Resistance stage | body stabilizes and responds to the fight or flight (parasympathetic) |
| Exhaustion stage | continuous stress causes breakdown of mechanisms. Body can’t resist the stressor |
| Allostasis | fundamental concept that the body will attempt to return to state of balance |
| Allostatic Load | chronic arousal of stress hormones that cause wear and tear on the organs (ex: HTN, sleep deprivation) |
| Situational factors of stressors | Arises from job changes, illness, caregiver stress |
| Maturational factors of stressors | Varies with life stages |
| Sociocultural factors of stressors | Environmental, social, and cultural stressors |
| Compassion fatigue of stressors | Burnout and secondary traumatic stress |
| Primary Appraisal | potential harm, loss, threat, challenge |
| Secondary Appraisal | coping strategies that meets there needs |
| Defence mechanisms | unconscious, protective coping methods that individuals may assume in response to a perceived threat |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | unrealistic levels of worry and tension with or without an identifiable cause |
| Post traumatic stress disorder PTSD | flash backs and behaviors that result from exposure to a horrifying experience |
| Compensation | make up for something but put a positive spin (ex: alcoholic but a good diet) |
| Conversion | unconsciously anxiety that converts to physical symptoms |
| Denial | Refusing to acknowledge anything that causes emotional pain |
| Displacement | Transferring emotions or ideas from stressful situation to less anxiety producing |
| Dissociation | disconnects from there thought or feelings |
| Regression | coping with a stressor through actions and behaviors from earlier development |
| Electronic health record (EHR) | lifetime computerized record |
| Electronic medical record (EMR) | individuals health care visit |
| Acuity rating systems | Used to determine hours of care and number of staff required for a group of patients |
| Patients acuity level | Based on the type and number of nursing interventions required by patient over 24 hours |
| Self concept | Your view of your self |
| Presbyopia | blurry close up vision |
| Cataracts | cloudy and blurry vision , sensitivity to light |
| Glaucoma | damage to the optic nerve (intraocular pressure) leading to vision loss or blindness |
| Presbycusis | ringing in the ears |
| Diabetic retinopathy | high blood sugar damages blood vessels in the retina, causing black spots |
| Macular degeneration: | reduced central vision |
| Complementary approach | Practice used together with conventional medicine |
| Alternative approach | Practice that replaces conventional medicine |
| Integrative approach | Conventional and complementary approaches brought together in a coordinated way |
| Holistic approach | Focuses on body mind spirit of patients |
| Relaxation therapy | stress vs relaxation responce |
| Meditation and Breathing | mindful relaxation of the body, reduces stress |
| Imagry | A mind body therapy that uses the conscious mind to create mental images to stimulate physical changes to body to improve self |
| Animal Assisted therapy | Trained animals facilitate patient goals |
| Biofeedback | A mind body technique used to teach self control over physiological responses |
| Acupuncture | Insertion of needles into acupoints to influence vital energy and reestablishes its flow |
| Therapeutic touch | Affects energy fields with conscious intent to help or heal |
| Culture | Learned and shared beliefs, values, norms, and traditions |
| Unconscious Bias/ Implicit Bias: | bias we are unaware of that happens outside our control |
| Culturally congruent care | provide care based on potent cultural beliefs, practice, values |
| Cultural competence | Health care must be culturally sensitive, appropriate, competent to meet each person needed |
| Health disparity | Health difference from social, economic, and environmental disadvantages |
| Social determinants of health | Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, age |
| Marginalized groupes | Are more likely to have poor health outcomes and die earlier |
| Acculturation | transitions to another culture |
| Assimilation | adapting to host culture |
| Cultural respect | cultural competence with respect |
| Disease | physical |
| Illness | mental |
| Core measures | all organizations come together for care; EBP |
Created by:
mmarino2