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HARDWARE - L1
Introduction to Computer System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is the use of computer systems or devices to ACCESS INFORMATION. Responsible for such a large portion of our workforce, business operations and personal access to information. | Information Technology |
| Analytics Internet of things Automation Machine learning Artificial intelligence Maintenance and repair Cloud computing Networks Communications Robotics Cybersecurity Software/application development Data/database management | Types of Information Technology |
| Is a PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES that can store, retrieve and process data. | Computer |
| is a COMBINATION OF COMPONENTS working together to perform a specific task. | System |
| Is a programmable electronics device that can be programmed to ACCEPTS SOME INPUTS in terms of data, then PROCESS THIS DATA and provides the output in the desired format. | Computer System |
| Two main Components: refers to the physical components of the computer system. | Hardware components |
| Two main Components: is a computer program. | Software components |
| Operating System and Device Drivers | System Software |
| Application program | Application Software |
| Captures data and instructions from users or external sources. CONVERTS USER INPUT INTO BINARY SIGNALS that the computer can process. | Input unit |
| EXECUTES INSTRUCTIONS and controls all internal operations. | Central Processing Unit (CPU) |
| HOLDS DATA AND INSTRUCTION before, during, and after processing. | Memory / Storage Unit |
| (volatile) can only retain the data in them UNTIL THE POWER IS OFF.(RAM, ROM, CACHE MEMORY) | Primary Memory (Main Memory): |
| Used for lLONG TERM DATA STORAGE (non –volatile) slower than the main memory but can RETAINS DATA PERMANENTLY meaning the data inside them are still there even if the power is off. They are larger in terms of capacity and also cheaper than the main memory | Secondary Storage (SSD, HDD, CLOUD STORAGE) |
| Converts processed data (binary) into a form users can understand. | Output Unit |
| a powerful computer that can process LARGE AMOUNTS OF DATA and do a great amount of computation very quickly. | Supercomputers |
| A high-performance computer used for large INFORMATION PROCESSING JOB | Mainframe computers |
| A MID-RANGE COMPUTER that is intermediate in size, power, speed, storage capacity, etc., between a mainframe and a microcomputer. Also called us small or midsize servers. | Minicomputers |
| USES A SINGLE CHIP (microprocessor) for its central processing unit (CPU) | Microcomputers |
| is a computing device MADE UP OF MANY DISCTINCT COMPONENTS that all function together in order to accomplished some useful task. | Personal Computer |
| The spine of the computer, Also known as system board. less commonly referred as to planar board. | Motherboards |
| Major assembly is installed in the computer as an expansion card. Components that can be removed and replace with a component of similar function in order to improved performance. | Non- integrated (Modular) System Board |
| Component that would otherwise be installed as expansion cards are integrated into the MOTHERBOARD CIRCUITRY | Integrated System Board |
| Form factor specifies its layout and physical dimensions. | System Board and Form Factors |
| The most common motherboard form factor | ATX (Advance Technology extended) |
| is a COLLECTION OF CHIPS AND CIRCUIT that perform interface and peripheral functions for the processor. | Chipset |
| management of HIGH SPEED PERIPHERAL COMMUNICATION Responsible primarily for communication with integrated video using AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port) and PCIe(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), and processor-to-memory communications. | Northbridge |
| responsible for providing SUPPORTS ONBOARD PERIPHERALS (PS/2, parallel, IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics), HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface),etc. managing their communications with the rest of the resources of the computer. | Southbridge |
| Also known as a bus slot or expansion port. Used to install various devices in the computer to expands its capabilities. | Expansion Slot |
| is a circuit board that gives a computer motherboard the option for ADDITIONAL EXPANSION CARDS to be added to the computer | Riser Board |
| Contain the modules that hold memory chips that make up primary memory, the memory used to store currently used data and instructions for the CPU. | RAM (Random Access Memory) Slots |
| Memory is slip up into small, equal sized sections called pages | Paged Memory |
| Brain of the computer, performs all the calculation and 90 percent of all functions of a computer | Central Processing Unit (CPU) |
| Performs arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide). • Handles logical operations (comparison, decision-making). • Supports AI/ML tasks using built-in vector/matrix operations (in modern CPUs). | Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) |
| Directs the operations of all computer parts. • Decodes instructions and coordinates data flow. • Sends control signals to memory and I/O devices. | Control Unit (CU |
| High-speed memory locations within the CPU. Temporarily store instructions, addresses, and intermediate data. | Registers |
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