Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Room for Ruminants
VMT Chapter 20
| What is a ruminant? | Cud-chewing animal with a forestomach that allows fermentation of ingesta |
| What ruminants have four stomachs? | Cattle, Sheep, and Goats |
| What are the four parts of the ruminants stomach? | Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, and the Abomasum |
| What are the first three compartments of the ruminants stomach outpouchings of? | The esophagus |
| What is the true stomach? | Abomasum |
| Llamas have ____ stomach compartments and are called _______. | Three, Psuedoruminants |
| What are the two types of cattle? | Beef and Dairy |
| What are some breeds of dairy cow? | Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, and Milking Shorthorn |
| What are some breeds of beef cow? | Angus, Brahman, Charolais, Chianina, Galloway, Herefords, Shorthorns, Santa Gertrudis, and Texas Longhorn |
| Artificial Insemination | Breeding method in which semen is collected, stored, and deposited in the uterus without copulation |
| Backgrounding | Time between weaning and going to the feedlot when calf is fed primarily a roughage diet |
| Balling Gun | Tool used to administer pills, boluses, or magnets to livestock, also called bolus gun |
| Barren | Animal that was not bred or did not conceive |
| Beef Checkoff | Federal program where one dollar every beef animal sold goes to state and national organizations to promote beef industry and fund research related to beef industry |
| Body Capacity | Heart girth and barrel |
| Brand | Method of permanently identifying an animal by scarring the skin with heat, extreme cold, or chemicals |
| Breed Character | Characteristics unique to a breed |
| Bulk Tank | Holding tank on dairy farms to store milk until it is picked up by milk cooperative, cools milk to 40 F and maintains temp. |
| California Mastitis Test | Test that is a cow-side indicator of somatic cell count to determine presence of mastitis |
| Calving Interval | Time between birth of a calf and birth of the next calf from the same cow |
| Chute | Mechanical device used to restrain cattle |
| Cleaning a Cow | Cleansing a cow, Removal of a retained placenta |
| Cod | Remnants of steer scrotum |
| Colostrometer | Instrument designed to float in a sample of colostrum to measure its specific gravity |
| What will higher quality colostrum have? | More Immunoglobulins that will cause colostrometer to float higher in the sample |
| Colostrum | First milk like substance provided by female after parturition, thick, yellow, and high in protein and antibodies |
| Composite Breed | New breed developed from combining established breeds |
| Condition | Amount of fat cover on a breeding animal |
| Confined Animal Feeding Operations | Large operation that raise animals in limited amount of space |
| CAFO | Confined Animal Feeding Operations |
| Conformation | Shape and body type of an animal |
| Corium | Specialized, highly vascular cells that nourish the hoof and horn |
| Cull | To remove an animal from the rest because it does not meet a specific standard or is unproductive |
| Dental Pad | Hard surface of the upper mouth of ruminants that serve in place of upper teeth |
| Downer | Recumbent animal that has failed to respond to treatment |
| Dual Purpose | Bred and used for both meat and milk production (Cattle) Bred and used for both meat and wool production (Sheep) |
| Estrus Synchronization | Practice of using hormones to have multiple animals come into estrus at the same time to increase efficiency of AI |
| F1 Generation | First offspring from purebred parents of different breeds or varieties, F1 stands for First Filial |
| Feeders | Beef cattle that are placed in a feedlot based on age and weight |
| Feedlot | Confined area where animals are fed until they are slaughtered |
| Finish | Degree of fat on an animal that is ready for slaughter |
| Flushing | Act of increasing feed before breeding or embryo transfer to increase number of ova released |
| Fly Strike | Infestation with maggots |
| Free Stall Barn | Barn for cattle in which each animal is free to lie down, feed, move, or seek out other animals |
| Gomer Bull | Bull used to detect female bovines in heat, penis is surgically deviated to the side, also called teaser bull |
| Grade | Animal not registered with a breed association, can either be purebred or of an unknown breed |
| Gutter | Channel behind cows in stanchions that collects manure deposited during the milking process |
| Herd Health Program | Health care plan to maintain the health of a herd of animals |
| What does the Herd Health Program consist of? | Vaccination, Nutrition, Reproduction, and Facility Management |
| Heart Girth | Circumference around the thoracic cavity used to estimate an animals weight and capacity of the heart and lung |
| Hutch | Individual housing pen for calves |
| Hybrid Vigor | Mating of dissimilar breed to increase productivity and performance in F1 Gen. of crossbred animals , also called Heterosis |
| Implant | Device inserted in the ear that provides slow release of hormone to animal to increase feed eficiency |
| Malpresentation | Abnormal position of a fetus just before parturition |
| Marbling | Streaks of fat interdispersed throughout meat that increase its tenderness |
| Nose Tongs | Clamp used to grasp nasal septum to restrict movement, very sensitive and apply pressure will distract animal |
| Offal | Inedible visceral organs and unusable tissues removed from carcass of a slaughtered animal |
| Parturient Paresis | Hypocalcemic metabolic disorder of ruminants seen in late pregnancy or early lactation, also called milk fever |
| Pinch | Bloodless castration using an emasculator |
| Preconditioning | Preparing calf for feedlot, includes vaccination, castration, tattooing / branding, deworming, and weaning |
| Proven | Animal whose ability to pass on specific traits is known and predictable |
| Range | Large tracts of land for raising animals |
| Rectal Palpation | Method of determining pregnancy, phase of estrous cycle, or disease process of feeling for specific structure |
| Render | To melt down fat by heat |
| Scurs | Underdeveloped horns that are not attached to the skull |
| Somatic Cell Count | Determination of number of cells in mil to test for mastitis, SCC |
| Spotter Bull | Vasectomized male bovine used to find and mark female bovines in estrus |
| Springing | Anatomic changes in ruminant to indicted parturition is near |
| Stanchion | Restraint device to secure cattle around the neck to allow accessibility for milking, feeding, and examining |
| Switch | Distal part of bovine tail consisting of long, coarse hairs |
| Tailing | Tail jack, Restraint technique in which tailhead is grasped and raised vertically |
| Tankage | Animal residues left after fat is rendered in a slaughter house, used for feed or fertilizer |
| Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis | Disease in adult cattle caused by ingestion and migration of foreign body into the reticulum, TRP, Hardware Disease |
| Veal | Confined young dairy calf fed only milk or milk replacer to produce pale, soft, and tender meat |
| Alveoli | Milk-secreting sacs of mammary gland, describes gas exchange sac of respiratory system |
| Drying Off | Ending production of milk when milk yield is low or before freshening |
| Gland Cistern | Area of udder where milk collects before entering the teat cistern |
| Milk Letdown | Release of milk from alveoli to allow removal by milking machine or calf |
| Milk Solids | Portion of milk left after water is removed, includes protein and fat |
| Milk Well | Depression in cows ventral underline where milk veins enter the body |
| Milk Yield | Amount of milk produced in a given period |
| Streak Canal | Passageway that takes milk from teat cistern to outside of the body, also called Papillary Duct or Teat Canal |
| Strip Cup | Metal cup with lid used for detecting mastitis |
| Teat Cannula | Short and narrow, round pointed metal or plastic tube used to pass from exterior through teat canal into teat cistern to relieve teat obstructions |
| Teat Cistern | Cavity in udder where milk is secreted before leaving the teat |
| Teat Dipping | Submerging or spraying nipple with antiseptic to prevent development of mastitis |
| Teat Stripping | Removing milk from teat before or after milking by occluding teat at the top and pulling downward to express all milk, Stripping |
| Three Quartered | Condition in cows in which one quarter is no longer used due to previous damage or infection |
| Bypass Protein | Protein that is heat or chemically treated so that it is not altered in ruminant stomach |
| Concentrate | Feed that is high in total digestible nutrients and low in fiber |
| Creep Feed | High energy feed for young animals in specific feed devices so adult animals cannot gain access to the feed |
| Energy Feed | Type of concentrate with less than 20% protein and provides energy through carbohydrates and fats |
| Ensiling | Process in which forage is chopped, placed in storage unit without oxygen, and fermented to allow longer preservation of feed |
| Feed Efficiency | Effectiveness in which animal turns feed into growth and meat/milk |
| Finishing | Act of feeding beef cattle high quality feed before slaughter to increase carcass quality and yield |
| Legumes | Roughage plants that have nitrogen fixing nodules on their roots Alfalfa, Clover, and Soybeans |
| Protein Supplement | Feeds high in protein, more than 20% |
| Silage | Type of roughage feed that is produced by fermenting chopped corn, grasses, or plant parts under specific moisture conditions to ensure preservation of feed without spoilage |
| Sweetfeed | Food consisting of grains and pellets mixed with molasses to increase palatability |
| Total Mixed Ration | Method of combining ration ingredients so each bite contains all necessary nutrients, TPR |
| What breeds of sheep are mainly raised for wool production? | Debouillet, Merino, and Rambouillet |
| What breeds of sheep are mainly raised for meat production? | Cheviot, Dorset, Finnish Landrace, Hampshire, Montadale, and Suffolk |
| Accelerated Lambing | Management practice of lambing three times in two years, requires use of ewes that will breed out of season |
| Sheep usually give birth to twins rather than single lambs | True |
| Band | Large group of range sheep |
| Broken Mouth | Loss of teeth that indicates the animal is at least 5 years old |
| Browse | Woody twigs and leaves consumed by sheep and goats |
| Carding | Process of separating, straightening, and aligning wool fibers |
| Crutching | Process of clipping wool from dock, udder, and vulva of sheep before lambing, also called tagging |
| Early Spring Lambs | Lambs born in January and February from ewes that breed early in the breeding season |
| Fall Lambs | Lambs born before December 25, from breeds that produce out of season |
| Farm Flock | Sheep raised in a pasture and farm situation |
| Fed Lambs | Lambs raised on grain |
| Feeder Lambs | Lambs purchased after weaning and raised and fed to market weight |
| Felting | Property of wool fibers interlocking when rubbed together under heat, moisture, or pressure |
| Flocking Instinct | Desire of sheep to stay together in a flock, valuable quality in sheep maintained on rangeland |
| Grease Wool | Wool that has been shorn from sheep and not cleaned |
| Lamb | Young sheep meat |
| Lanolin | Fat like substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of sheep |
| Late Spring Lambs | Lambs born between March and May, conceived at the height of the normal breeding season |
| Mixed Grazing | Practice of grazing sheep or goats with cattle on the same land |
| Mutton | Adult sheep meat |
| Open Face | Sheep that have no wool on the face |
| Rumping | Tipping, Restraint method of sheep placing them in a sitting position with front legs elevated |
| Scouring | Cleaning wool, also diarrhea in livestock |
| Yearling | Sheep between one and two years old |
| Cabrito | Meat of young goats under 50 lbs |
| Cashmere | Fine undercoat of goats |
| Chevon | Adult goat meat |
| Disbud | Debudding, removing horn growth in kids or calves by using a hot iron or caustic substance |
| Wattle | Appendage suspended from the head in chickens, turkeys, and goats |
| Do camelids have horns or antler? | No |
| What breed of ruminants are induced ovulators? | Camelids |
| Berserk Male Syndrome | Undesirable behaviors sometimes seen in male llamas, especially those hand raised, may be overly aggressive, BMS |
| Cushing | Copulation of llamas |
| Fighting Teeth | Set of six teeth in llamas include an upper vestigial incisor and upper and lower canine on each side |
| Fleece | Hair of llama or alpaca, also known as fiber |
| Kush | Act of a camelid lying down sternally, command to get llama to attain this position |
| Orgle | Call of a male llama or alpaca |
| Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus | Paramyxovirus infection of bovine associated with fatal pneumonia |
| BRSV or RSV | Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
| Bovine Viral Diarrhea | Togavirus infection associated with acute stomatitis, gastroenteritis, and diarrhea |
| BVD | Bovine Viral Diarrhea |
| Brucellosis | Bacterial infection caused by Brucella abortus causing abortion in cattle |
| Clostridial Disease | Group of bacterial infectious conditions of ruminants caused by various species of Clostridium |
| What are the symptoms of Clostridial Disease? | Blackleg, Malignant Edema, Pulpy Kidney, Enterotoxemia, and Overeating Disease |
| Coronavirus | Corona virus infection causing diarrhea in calves |
| E. Coli | Bacterial infection that typically causes scours in calves, also known as colisepticemia and septicemic colibacillosis |
| Enzootic Abortion | Bacterial infection caused by Chlamydophila abortus causing abortion in sheep |
| Haemophilus Somnus | Bacterial infection that causes reproductive, urinary, respiratory, and septicemic disease in cattle |
| Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis | Herpesvirus infection of bovine associated with fever, anorexia, tachypnea, and abortion |
| IBR | Infectious Bovine Rhinotacheitis |
| Leptospirosis | Bacterial disease caused by various serotypes of Leptospira, signs include renal failure, jaundice, fever, and abortion |
| Parainfluenza | Paramyxovirus infection of ruminants associated with fever, cough, and diarrhea |
| PI-3 | Parainfluenza |
| Pasteurellosis | Bacterial infection caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia hemolytica causing respiratory disease in cattle, sheep, and goats |
| Rotovirus | Reovirus causing scours in calves |
| Soremouth | Poxvirus infection of sheep, goats, and camelids causing mouth lesions, also called contagious ecthyma and orf |
| Tetanus | Highly fatal bacterial disease caused by the toxin of Clostridium tetani associated with hyperesthesia, tetany, and convulsions |
| TE | Tetanus or Lockjaw |
| Vibriosis | Campylobacter fetus bacterial infection associated with infertility and irregular estrous cycles, also called Campylobacteriosis |
Created by:
VTodd639