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soft/hardware final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what's ransomware? | when hackers encrypt your files and sell you the key |
| immutable storage definition | storage that cannot be changed in any way |
| what does WORM stand for | Write Once Read Many |
| explain an air gap | having a storage device completely disconnected from everything so it cannot be hacked |
| what does the 3-2-1 backup strategy mean? | having 3 copies, in at least 2 types of media, and at least 1 offsite |
| what does HA mean? | High Availability. a system done for servers to ensure there's always a server up. One server is active, the other is passive until the active one goes out. |
| one reliable method for HA servers? | they always talk to each other and if the active server doesn't give a response, the passive one becomes active |
| explain using a replication in the context of databases | the relevant machines keep their own replication of the database using the most recent information available. If the main computer goes down, other machines will still be functional. essentially like the drug dispensing cabinets in hospitals. |
| What does VM stand for? | Virtual Machine |
| explain a vCPU | it's a CPU in a VM, usually able to do hyperthreading |
| explain vRAM | RAM in a VM ? or video RAM, meant to make graphics smoother |
| explain hypervisor | it's something that creates and runs VMs |
| explain how migration works | when you have multiple machines and want to distribute resources evenly, so you move something completely over to another machine |
| What's the major difference between a VM and other machines? (servers, PCs, Nodes, etc.) | a VM has to distribute resources (storage, processing, etc) among lesser machines while singular machines have all hardware to themselves |
| What is an RS-232 connector and what is it's max length? | a serial port with 2-8 pins. max length is 50 feet. |
| what is baud? | speed in bits |
| what's a bit? | a singular number thing that's stored, either a 1 or 0 |
| what's a nibble? | 4 bits |
| what's a byte? | 8 bits |
| explain how parity works | during data transfer, a parity bit is put at the end saying how many 1's are in the rest of the message. (whether the total is even or odd) It's a way of telling if the message was messed up |
| what are start and stop bits? | bits at either end of a message to indicate a start or stop |
| what is an RS-485 and what is it's max length | serial port, max length is 4,000 feet or 3/4 of a mile. it can be used on a transducer |
| what's plug and play? | when a device is plugged in and talks to the computer on its own |
| how does RAID 1 function? | has 2 or more drives that are exact copies of each other all the time |
| how does RAID 5 function? | has 3 or more drives. stores pieces of each string of data among the drives plus parity so if one drive goes down, the system can calculate the missing pieces. |
| what's a hot spare? | a spare drive already in the system but turns on to be set up when an active drive dies. |
| explain hot swapping | when you grab a hot swappable component and switch it with a new/working one while the machine is still on |
| different between a RAID system and a backup of data? | a backup is a full copy of data, while a RAID system is an active thing and very much *not* a copy. |
| What does a CPU do? (and what does it stand for) | Central Processing Unit, and it essentially does the majority of the processing. It has cores to carry out this function |
| what does RAM do and what does it stand for? | Random Access Memory, it's temporary memory to help carry out the CPU's functions. |
| what is a SSD and what does it stand for? | Solid State Drive, and it's a storage drive that doesn't move |
| what is a HDD and what does it stand for? | Hard Disk Drive, and it's a spinning disk that stores data permanently |
| explain flash memory | a solid state semiconductor |
| what slot does NVMe go in? | M.2 slot |
| difference between M.2 and SATA ports? | M.2 is faster than SATA |
| what is an expansion port? | ports on the motherboard that allow hardware expansions |
| what is PCI? | Peripheral Component Interconnect. very large expansion bus/slot |
| what is PCIe? | PCI express, more varied sizes and is more compatible with modern devices |
| What are the 4 amounts of lanes a PCIe can have? | 1, 4 , 8, 16 |
| what is USB? | Universal Serial Bus, one of the most versatile ports |
| what is the COM port? | port for communication. a serial port |
| what is a core? | a partition within a CPU. modern ones have multiple |
| what are threads? | parts within cores meant to do specific tasks |
| explain the BIOS | the Basic Input/Output System, tells the motherboard how to interact with the other hardware |
| What's the UEFI | Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, does the same job as BIOS but better |
| what is a replication of a VM? | a working copy of a VM. If one goes down, the replication server will keep going. |
| what is a clone? | a clone of a VM. Imagine one VM getting copied and pasted, and the pasted VM gets edited as something else and the original stays the original |
| what is an ISO? | a compressed digital copy of what is on a physical disc |
| what does SW mean? | perhaps a switch. perhaps something else. |
| what's the Password? | CRAZY_SPANDEX_DOLPHIN |
Created by:
banditbandit