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PSYCH 101 Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how we perceive ourselves or others, what we believe, judgments we make, our attitudes | social thinking |
| culture, pressure to conform, persuasion, groups of people | social influence |
| prejudice, aggression, attraction and intimacy, helping | social relations |
| Scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others | social psychology |
| Evaluations of a person, behavior, belief, or concept | attitudes |
| Process of changing an attitude | persuasion |
| Factors that determine if we change our attitude | source - who is giving you the info; characteristics of the message - how the message is packaged; characteristics of the target - are you open to change/considering new ideas? |
| Route to persuasion: Occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade | central route processing |
| Route to persuasion: Occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated on the basis of irrelevant or extraneous factors | peripheral route processing |
| Occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts (cognitions) | cognitive dissonance |
| The way people understand and make sense of others and themselves | social cognition |
| Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences | schemas |
| Major traits considered in forming impressions of others | central traits |
| Considers how we decide, on the basis of samples of a person’s behavior, what the specific causes of that behavior are | attributuion theory |
| Perceived causes of behavior that are based on environmental factors | situational causes |
| Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors | dispositional causes |
| Type of bias: Phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics | halo effect |
| Type of bias: Thinking of people as being similar to oneself even when meeting them for the first time | assumed-similarity bias |
| Type of bias: Tendency to attribute success to personal factors and attribute failure to factors outside oneself | self-serving bias |
| Tendency to overattribute others’ behavior to dispositional causes and minimize of the importance of situational causes | fundamental attribution error |
| Social groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either deliberately or unintentionally | social influence |
| Change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people | conformity |
| Group member whose dissenting views make nonconformity to the group easier | social supporter |
| Type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view | groupthink |
| Circumstance in which commitments to a failing point of view or course of action are increased to justify investments in time and energy | entrapment |
| Philip Zimbardo's prison study | Guards vs. prisoners The study was to last 2 weeks, but was ended after 6 days (on the fifth or so day, the mental health of the prisoners was becoming an issue of major concern, and thus the study was ended the next day). |
| Technique - ask for a little then ask for a lot | foot-in-the-door |
| Technique - ask for a lot then ask for just a little | door in the face |
| Technique - you get this AND this if you do this | that's not all |
| Technique - you do something for them and expect something in return | not-so-free sample/norm of reciprocity |
| Who did the obedience tests? | Stanley Milgram |
| Set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members | stereotype |
| A negative (or positive) evaluation of a group and its members | prejudice |
| Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group | discrimination |
| Viewing the world from their own perspective and judging others in terms of their group membership | ethnocentric |
| Seeks to identify the neural basis of social behavior | social neuroscience |
| Part of the brain that is Highly responsive to threatening, unusual, or highly arousing stimuli | amygdala |
| Positive feelings for others | interpersonal attraction |
| State of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another | passionate/romantic love |
| Strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved | companionate love |
| Intentional injury of, or harm to, another person | aggression |
| Process of discharging built-up aggressive energy | catharsis |
| Helping behavior | prosocial behavior |
| Belief that responsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those present | diffusion of responsibility |
| Helping behavior that requires self-sacrifice | altruism |
Created by:
aaswell