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Drugs and Dissection
VMT Chapter 17
| Pharmacology | Study of nature, uses and effects of drugs |
| Prescription drug | Medication that may be purchased by prescription or from a licensed professional |
| Over-the-counter Drug | Medication that may be purchased without a prescritpion |
| Generic Drug | Medication not protected by a brand name or trademark |
| Agonist | Substance that produces effect by binding to an appropriate receptor |
| Antagonist | Substance that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor instead of allowing agonist to bind to receptor |
| Antiserum | Serum containing specific antibodies extracted from hyperimmunized animal or animal infected with microorganisms containing antigen |
| Antitoxin | Specific antiserum aimed at poison containing a concentration of antibodies extracted from serum or plasma of healthy animal |
| Bacterin | Bacterial Vaccine |
| Chelatd | Bound to and precipitated out of solution |
| Contraindication | Recommendation not to use |
| Diffusion | Movement of solutes from area of high concentration of particles to one of low concentration of particles |
| Dosage | Amount of medication based on units per weight of animal |
| Dosage Interval | Time between administrations of a drug |
| Dose | Amount of medication measured Milligrams, Millimeters, Units, and Grams |
| Drug | Agent used to diagnose, prevent, or treat a disease |
| Efficacy | Extent to which a drug causes the intended effects, effectiveness |
| Endogenous | Originating within the body |
| Exogenous | Originating outside the body |
| Hydrophilic | Water-loving; ionized form |
| Hyperkalemia | Excessive level of blood potassium |
| Hypernatremia | Excessive level of blood sodium |
| Hypertonic Solution | Solution with more particles than solution or cell to which it is being compared, tonicity of solutions compared to blood cells |
| Hypokalemia | Deficiency of blood potassium |
| Hyponatremia | Deficiency of blood sodium |
| Hypotonic Solution | Solution with fewer particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compard |
| Hypovolemia | Low circulating blood volume |
| Ionized | Electrically charged |
| Isotonic Solution | Solution that has equal particles to solution or cell to which it is being compared |
| Lipophilic | Fat-loving; nonionized form |
| Monovalent | Vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism |
| Nonionized | Not charged electrically |
| Osmosis | Movement of water across selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient |
| Pharmacodynamics | Physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action |
| Pharmacogenomics | Study of impact of genetic variation on drug effects with hopes of achieving "personalized medicine" |
| Pharmacokinetics | Movement of drugs or chemicals, consists of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination |
| Placebo | Inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects or substance used as a control in an experimental setting |
| Polyvalent | Vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin that is active against multiple antigens or organisms, mixed vaccine |
| Prevention | Prophylaxis, avoidance |
| Regimen | Course of treatment |
| Turgor | Degree of fullness or rigidity caused by fluid content |
| Vaccine | Product containing disease-causing organism or antigen administered to stimulate production of antibodies to fight infection |
| What are the three vaccine types? | Live, Modified Live, and Killed |
| Modified live | Disease causing organism has been chemically or thermally altered to make it less pathogenic |
| Killed Vaccine | Disease causing organism is dead and cannot reproduce in animals body |
| Intra-arterial | Within the artery, IA |
| Intradermal | Within the skin, ID |
| Intramuscular | Within the muscle, IM |
| Intraocular | Within the eye |
| Intraosseous | Within the bone |
| Intraperitoneal | Within the peritoneal cavity, IP |
| Intrathecal | Within a sheath, injection of substance through spinal cord into subarachnoid space, IT |
| thec/o | Sheath |
| Intratracheal | Within the trachea or windpipe |
| Intravenous | Within the vein, IV |
| Nebulization | Process of making a fine mist, method of drug administration |
| Nonparenteral | Administration via the GI tract |
| Oral | By mouth, PO Nothing by mouth, NPO |
| Parenteral | Through routes other than the GI tract |
| Percutaneous | Through the skin |
| Transdermal | Across the skin |
| Analgesic | Substance that relieves pain without affecting consciousness |
| Anesthetic | Substance that produces a lack of sensation |
| Antacid | Substance that neutralizes stomach acid |
| Anthelmintic | Substance that works against intestinal worms |
| Antibiotic | Substance that inhibits the growth of or kills bacteria |
| What tow things can antibiotics be? | Bacteriostatic and bactericidal |
| Bacteriostatic | Controlling bacterial growth |
| Bactericidial | Killing bacteria |
| Anticoagulant | Substance inhibiting clot formation |
| Anticonvulsant | Substance that prevents seizures |
| Antineoplastic Agent | Substance that treats neoplasms, usually against malignancies |
| Antipruritic Agent | Substance that controls itching |
| Antipyretic | Substance that reduces fever |
| Antiseptic | Chemical agent that kills / prevents growth of microorganisms on living tissue |
| Antitussive | Substance that reduces coughing |
| Asepsis | State without infection |
| Chronotrope | Substance that changes heart rate |
| Positive Chronotropes | Increase heart rate |
| Negative Chronotropes | Decrease heart rate |
| Cytotoxic Agent | Substance that kills or damages cells |
| Disinfectant | Chemical agent that kills / prevents growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects |
| Endectocide | Agent that kills both internal and external parasites |
| Immunosuppressant | Substance that prevents or decreases body's reaction to invasion by disease or foreign material |
| Inotrope | Substance affecting muscle contraction |
| Positive Inotropes | Increase Myocardial contractility |
| Negative Inotropes | Decrease myocardial contractility |
| Miotic Agent | Substance used to constrict pupils |
| Mucolytic | Substance that breaks up mucus and reduces its viscosity |
| Mydriatic Agent | Substance used to dilate the pupils |
| Sterilize | To destroy all organisms including bacterial endospores |
| Cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of the gall bladder |
| Preventative Surgery | To prevent further of disease |
| Manipulative Surgery | Changed without an incision such as alignment of a fracture |
| Diagnostic Surgery | Designed to help finalize a diagnosis |
| Reconstructive Surgery | Designed to improve on or return a part of the body to its original appearance or function |
| Minimally Invasive Surgery | Designed to use the smallest incision as possible |
| Cryogenic Surgery | Involving the use of freezing to destroy tissue |
| Cauterizing Surgery | Involving the use of heat to destroy tissue |
| Appositional | Placed side to side |
| Aseptic Technique | Precautions taken to prevent contamination of a surgical wound |
| Avulsion | Tearing away of a part |
| Coaptation | Act of approximating |
| Curettage | Removal of material or growths from the surface of a cavity |
| Debridement | Removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue |
| Dehiscence | Disruption or opening of a surgical wound |
| Dissect | Separation or cutting apart |
| Dissecare is Latin for? | To cut up |
| Enucleation | Removal of an organ in whole, usually used for removal of the eyeball |
| Epithelialization | Healing by growth of epithelium over an incomplete surface |
| Eversion | Turning outward |
| Eviscerate | Removal or exposure of internal organs |
| Excise | To surgically remove |
| Exteriorize | To move an internal organ to the outside of the body |
| Fenestration | Perforation |
| Flap | Mass of tissue for grafting in which part of the tissue still adheres to the body |
| Fracture | Breaking of a part, especially a bone |
| Friable | Easily crumbled |
| Fulguration | Destruction of living tissue by electrical sparks generated by a high frequency curent |
| Graft | Tissue or organ for transplantation or implantation |
| Allograft | Graft from another individual of the same species |
| Autograft | Graft from the same individual |
| Isograft | Graft from genetically identical animals, such as twins or inbred strains |
| Imbrication | Overlapping of opposing surfaces to realign organs and provide extra support |
| Implant | Material inserted or grafted into the body |
| Incise | To surgically cut into |
| Intraop | Common term for during surgery, Intraoperative |
| Inversion | Turning inward |
| Involucrum | Covering or sheath that contains a sequestrum of bone |
| Laceration | Act of tearing |
| Lavage | Irrigation of tissue with fluid |
| Ligate | To tie or strangulate |
| Ligature | Any substance used to tie or strangulate |
| Lumpectomy | Surgical removal of a mass |
| Pinning | Insertion of a metal rod into the medullary cavity of a long bone |
| Postop | After surgery |
| Preop | Before surgery |
| Resect | To remove an organ or tissue |
| Rupture | Forcible tearing |
| Sacculectomy | Surgical removal of a saclike part, Usually refers to surgical removal of the anal sacs |
| Seroma | Accumulation of serum beneath the surgical incision |
| Suction | Aspiration of gas or fluid by mechanical means |
| Suture | To stitch or close an area |
| Transect | To cut across |
| Sect | To cut |
| Transfix | Pierce through and through |
| Transplant | To transfer tissue from one part to another part |
| Wicking | Applying material to move liquid from one area to another |
| Autoclave | Apparatus for sterilizing by steam under pressure |
| Belly Band | Abdominal wrap |
| Bone Plate | Flat metal bar with screw holes that is used in bone fracture repair |
| Bone Screw | Screw that holds bone fragments together to repair bone fractures |
| Boxlock | Movable joint of any ringed instrument |
| Cast | Stiff dressing used to immobilize various body parts |
| Cautery | Application of a burning substance, a hot instrument, an electric current, or another agent to destroy tissue |
| Cerclage Wire | Band of metal that completely or partially goes around the circumference of bone used in conjunction with other stabilization techniques to repair bone fractures |
| Chuck | Clamping device for holding a drill bit |
| Clamp | Instrument used to secure or occlude things |
| Curette | Instrument with cupped head to scrape material from cavity walls |
| Drape | Cloth arranged over a patient's body to provide a sterile field around the area to be examined, treated, or incised |
| Dressing | Various materials used to cover and protect a wound |
| Elastrator | Bloodless castration device using small elastic bands |
| Elevator | Instrument used to reflect tissue from bone |
| Emasculatome | Instrument used to crush and sever the spermatic cord through intact skin |
| Emasculator | Instrument used in closed castrations to crush and sever the spermatic cord |
| Intramedullary Pins | Metal rods that are inserted into the medullary cavity of long bones to repair stable fractures |
| Prosthesis | Artificial substitute for a diseased or missing part of the body |
| Retractor | Instrument used to hold back tissue |
| Rongeurs | Forceps with cupped jaws used to break large bone pieces into smaller ones or to cut through tough tissue |
| Serration | Saw-like edge or border |
| Flank Incision | Surgical cut perpendicular to the long axis of the body, caudal to the last rib |
| Paracoastal Incision | Surgical cut oriented parallel to the last rib |
| Paramedian Incision | Surgical cut lateral and parallel to the ventral midline but not on the midline |
| Ventral Midline Incision | Surgical cut along the midsagittal plane of the abdomen along the linea alba |
| Biopsy | Removing living tissue to examine |
| Excisional Biopsy | Removing entire mass, tissue, or organ to examine |
| Incisional Biopsy | Cutting into and removing part of a mass, tissue, or an organ to examine |
| Needle Biopsy | Insertion of a sharp instrument into a tissue for extraction of tissue to be examined |
| Necropsy | Postmortem examination consisting of thorough examination of dead animal to determine cause of death |
| Blunt Needle | Dull, not sharp |
| Cutting Needle | Needle that has two or three opposing cutting edges |
| Ligation | Act of tying |
| Ligature | Substance used to tie a vessel or strangulate a part |
| Monofilament | Single strand of material |
| Multifilament | Several strands that are twisted together |
| Stapling | Method of suturing that involves use of stainless steel staples to close a wound |
| Surgical Clip | Metal staple like device used for vessel ligation |
| Swaged Needle | Needle joined with suture material in a continuous unit, eyeless needle |
| Taper Needle | Needle with a rounded tip that is sharp to allow piercing but not cutting of tissue |
| ac | Before Meals |
| ad lib | As much as desired |
| BSA | Body surface area |
| cal | Calorie |
| cap | Capsule |
| cc | Cubic Centimeter |
| cm | Centimeter |
| conc | Concentration |
| dr | Dram, 1/8 ox or 4 mL |
| D5W | 5% dextrose in water |
| ED | Effective Dose |
| ED50 | Median Effective Dose |
| gr | Grain, unit of weight approximately 65 mg |
| gt | Drop |
| gtt | Drops |
| IU | International Unit or Intrauterine |
| LD | Lethal Dose |
| LRS | Lactated Ringer's Solution |
| MBC | Minimum bactericidal concentration |
| mcg | Microgram |
| MED | Minimal effective dose |
| mEq | Milliequivalent |
| MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
| MID | Minimum infective dose |
| MLD | Minimum lethal dose |
| NS | Normal Saline |
| NSAID | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| OTC | Over the counter |
| pc | After meals |
| PDR | Physicians desk reference |
| ppm | Parts per million |
| PR | Per Rectum |
| prn | As needed |
| PZI | Protamine Zinc Insulin |
| q | Every |
| qd | Every Day |
| qh | Every Hour |
| qn | Every Night |
| qod or eod | Every other day |
| qp | As much as desired |
| rx | Prescription |
| sig | Let it be written |
| sol'n or soln | Solution |
| tab | Tablet |
| TM | Registered Trade Mark |
| VPB | Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals |
| bx | Biopsy |
| fx | Fracture |
| ICU | Intensive Care Unit |
| OR | Operating Room |
| sx | Surgery |
Created by:
VTodd639