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bio- ch 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does a chloroplast do? | convert light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis |
| what does photosynthesis do? | converts light, CO2, and water to form organic compounds (glucose) and oxygen |
| what is autotroph? | organism that does photosynthesis to make its own food (producer) |
| what is a heterotroph? | organism that gets energy from food (consumer) |
| what do the light reactions do? | convert light into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) |
| what do dark reactions do? | form organic compounds using CO2 and energy stored in ATP and NADPH |
| what is the light reactions equation? | 6CO2+6H2O+light=C6 H12 O6+ 6O2 |
| what is another name for the visible light spectrum? | ROY G BIV |
| what do pigments do? | absorb certain colors of light and reflect or transmit the other colors |
| where are the chloroplast pigments? | in the thylakoid membrane |
| what is the main pigment called? | chlorophyll a |
| what does chlorophyll a do? | absorb less blue and more red pigments (involved directly in light reactions) |
| what are the accessory pigments? | chlorophyll b and carotenoids |
| what does chlorophyll b do? | absorbs more blue than red (assists chlorophyll a) |
| what do carotenoids do? | absorb colors other pigments can't (orange, yellow, brown) |
| what is a photosystem? | groups of pigements and proteins in the thylakoid membrane |
| where do light reactions take place? | in the thylakoid membrane |
| what is the first step of light reactions? | light strikes electrons in photosystem 2 and 1; each system loses an electron |
| what is the second step in light reactions? | electrons go to primary electron acceptor |
| what is the third step in light reactions? | both electrons are passed down an electron transport chain (ETC) |
| what is the 4th step in light reactions? | one generates ATP while the other generates NADPH |
| what is a photolysis? | water splitting enzyme that splits water into protons, electrons, and oxygen (2H2O=4H+ +4e-+O2 |
| what happens from photolysis? | hydrogen (protons) are left inside the thylakoid, oxygen is released into air, electrons replace ones lost in photosystem 2, and electrons from photosystem 2 replace electrons in photosystem 1 |
| what is chemiosmosis? | movement of H+ through ATP synthase into the stroma is used to produce ATP |
| what does the Calvin cycle use? | carbon dioxide and H+ from NADP+ |
| what is carbon fixation? | converting inorganic carbon into organic compounds (sugars) |
| what is the 1st step in the Calvin cycle? | carbon dioxide that enter the leaves of plants and diffuses into the cells that contain chloroplasts |
| what is the 2nd step in the Calvin cycle? | a molecule of CO2 is fixed to and existing 5c sugar by the enzyme RuBisCo |
| what is the 3rd step in the Calvin cycle? | the 6c sugar that results is unstable and splits in 2 |
| what is the 4th step in the Calvin cycle? | a series of reactions occur where ATP and NADPH donate energy and matter to create a molecule of glucose |
| what is the 5th step in the Calvin cycle? | the 5c sugar originally used is regenerated and the cycle continues |
| what is a C4 pathway? | (used by plants in hot dry climates), have their stomata (small pores under surface of leaves) partially closed during hottest part of day. CO2 is fixed into sugar (4-C) even when CO2 level is low and O2 level is high |
| what is a CAM pathway? | use carbon fixation at night and Calvin cycle during day to minimize water loss |
| what factors affect photosynthesis? | light intensity, CO2 levels, and temp |
| As light intensity goes up, photosynthesis also goes up until | electrons get as excited as they can get and the rate levels out |
| what happens to stomata when they get too hot? | the pores close, limiting water loss and entry of carbon dioxide |
Created by:
gschultz2028