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Test 2
CVT-246-01 - Non-Invasive Cardiology Special Topics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What echo measurement correlates best with cardiac catherization pressures? Peak to peak PG Peak instantaneous PG Peak pressure gradients Mean pressure gradients | Mean pressure gradients |
| Which of the following describes a peak instantaneous pressure gradient? Pressure tracings are averaged throughout card cycle Pressure tracings are measured at same time in the card cycle Pressure tracings are measured at diff times in card cycle | The pressure tracings are measured at the same time in the cardiac cycle |
| True or False Sonographers that assist during fluoroscopy procedures in cardiac cath must wear a radiation monitoring device. | True |
| What is the period of time after ventricular systole when all valves are closed? Diastole End diastole Isovolumic relaxation time Isovolumic contraction time | Isovolumic relaxation time |
| Which of the following is not a risk associated with cardiac catherization? Infection Cardiac tamponade Hypertension Dysrhythmias | Hypertension |
| Cardiac catherization can be used to measure and calculate which of the following? Cardiac output Pressures Valve areas All of the above | All of the above |
| How are oxygen saturation levels measured during a heart catherization? Thermodilution method Fick method Collecting blood samples Contrast angiography | Collecting blood samples |
| Which valve event ends isovolumic relaxation time? Aortic valve opening Mitral valve opening Mitral valve closure Aortic valve closure | Mitral valve opening |
| What is the most commonly used method for estimating left atrial pressure during a cardiac catheterization? | Right sided heart cath with the pressure measurement taken wedged into the pulmonary capillaries |
| __________________________ measure the rate of temperature change over time while __________________________ measures the amount of oxygen usage. | Thermodilution / Fick |
| Which valve event starts isovolumic contraction? | Mitral valve closure |
| Which equation is used to calculate pressure gradients from the acquired velocities obtained in echo? | Bernoulli equation |
| How are the pressure gradients assessed in cath? Peak to peak pressure gradients Mean pressure gradients Velocity time integra Peak instantaneous pressure gradients | Peak to peak pressure gradients |
| Which flap do you open first when opening sterile wrapped items such as sterile towels? The right flap The left flap The closest flap The farthest flap | The farthest flap |
| All of the following pressures can be obtained during a left sided heart catherization except: Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure Aortic diastolic pressure Left atrial pressure Left ventricular systolic pressure | Left atrial pressure |
| What do Fick method and thermodilution methods measure? Cardiac output Coronary artery stenosis Oxygen Saturation None of the above | Cardiac output |
| What approaches can be used to obtain pressure measurements in the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery? | Brachial vein, femoral vein, or jugular vein |
| What is the period of time preceding ventricular systole when all valves are closed? End diastole Diastole Isovolumic relaxation time Isovolumic contraction time | Isovolumic contraction time |
| List three ways to reduce your radiation exposure in the echo and cath labs. | Decrease exposure time, increase distance from the radiation source, wear lead shielding/protective eyewear |
| Which of the following measures absolute pressure gradients? Cardiac Catherization Stress testing Echocardiography Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Cardiac Catherization |
| Systolic function can be measured by: A left or right ventriculogram Coronary artery angiography An aortagram A pulmonary artery arteriogram | A left or right ventriculogram |
| Which of the following are indications for contrast angiography during cardiac catherization? All of the above Diagnose mitral stenosis Diagnose coronary artery disease Diagnose mitral valve prolapse | Diagnose coronary artery disease |
| All of the following are interventional procedures performed in the cath lab except: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Transcatheter aortic valve replacement Aortic valve balloon valvuloplasty Coronary artery bypass grafting | Coronary artery bypass grafting |
| What approaches can be used to obtain pressure measurements in the aorta, aortic valve, and left ventricle? Femoral artery or radial artery Femeral artery or carotid artery Femoral vein or radial vein Brachial vein or femoral vein | Femoral artery or radial artery |
| How is a mean pressure gradient derived from in echocardiography? by measuring the maximum velocity by measuring the peak to peak velocity by measuring the velocity time integral by measuring the peak instantaneous velocity | by measuring the velocity time integral |
| What is the minimum recommended distance to stand away from a sterile field to maintain sterility? | 12 inches |
| Which valve event ends isovolumic contraction? Mitral valve closure Aortic valve closure Aortic valve opening Mitral valve opening | Aortic valve opening |
| True or False Before setting up a sterile field, sterile packages should be inspected and discarded if damaged or expired. | True |
| Which of the following could cause an error in pressure gradients obtained by echocardiography? Sinus rhythm A zero degree angle to flow Normal blood pressure Volume overload | Volume overload |
| When we measure the Vmax in echo, what type of pressure gradient is being derived? Velocity time integral Peak to peak Mean pressure gradient Peak instantaneous | Peak instantaneous |
| Where should a scrubbed, gowned, and gloved worker keep their hands to maintain sterilization? Above the waist level Below the waist level Crossed with hands in the axillary region At the waist level | Above the waist level |
| A left-sided heart cath can be used to perform all of the following except: A pulmonary artery arteriogram Coronary artery angiography An aortogram A left ventriculogram | A pulmonary artery arteriogram |
| True or False Reaching over a sterile field will not contaminate it. | False |
| What valve event starts isovolumic relaxation time? Mitral valve opening Mitral valve closure Aortic valve opening Aortic valve closure | Aortic valve closure |
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