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AWK11&12
Activities and quizzes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the large lymph vessel that drains three-quarters of the bod | Thoracic duct |
| the smallest lymphatic vessel that collects lymph in the peripheral tissue | lymphatic capillaries |
| the first structure to receive lymph from both the lumbar and intestinal trunks and is located on the surface of L1 and L2 vertebrae. | Cisterna Chyli. |
| indicates where most nutrient and waste exchange occurs between the tissue and blood. | Capillaries |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | thymocytes |
| The spleen is located in the _____ region. | left hypochondriac |
| Lacteals: | are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines. are able to absorb fat from the digestive system. |
| The lymph nodes located just above the bend of the elbow are called the _____ lymph nodes. | supratrochlear |
| An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the _____ nodes. | superficial cubital |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins. |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| The cisterna chyli: | originates in the thoracic duct. |
| Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the: | subclavian veins. |
| Hassall corpuscles are part of the: | thymus. |
| The tonsils located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the _____ tonsils. | pharyngeal |
| The size of lymph nodes varies from _____ mm to more than _____ mm in diameter. | 1; 20 |
| A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a(n) | monocyte. |
| Lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains eventually into the thoracic duct. T or F | True |
| The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the: | inguinal lymph nodes. |
| The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the _____ percentage of _____ in lymph and interstitial fluid. | lower; proteins |
| The lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit. true or false | False |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | tonsils. |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center. |
| Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics: | have thinner walls. contain more valves. contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course. |
| Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function? | Hydrochloric acid |
| Interferon inhibits the spread of: | . viruses. and B cell antibodies that attack cancer. |
| The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the: | lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple. AND lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the: | liver. and small intestine. |
| Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the: | small intestine. |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as “not self” is called: | nonspecific immunity. |
| If you were to trace the movement of air through the nose into the pharynx, it would pass through the following structures in which order? | anterior nares, vestibule, meatus, and posterior nares |
| a flexible tube that has C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing. | The Trachea |
| cartilages that are attached to one another and to surrounding structures by muscles or fibrous and elastic tissue components? | larynx |
| The trachea divides at its lower end into two | primary bronchi. |
| An inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that involves the airways of the lungs is called | pneumonia. |
| he roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the | cribriform plate. |
| The microscopic cilia function to | move mucus toward the pharynx. |
| The vibrissae function as | filters. |
| The surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is coated with a fluid containing | surfactant. |
| During respiration, the thorax | becomes larger when the chest is raised. |
| he trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs make up the | lower respiratory tract. |
| Gas exchange occurs only in the | alveoli. |
| The small leaf-shaped cartilage that projects upward behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the | epiglottis. |
| the cartilage that anchors the vocal cords posteriorly | arytenoid cartilage |
| A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree is | acute bronchitis. |
| The _____ of each lung lies against the ribs and is rounded to match the contours of the thoracic cavity. | costal surface |
| The air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity are called | paranasal sinuses. |
| Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system? Oral cavity Trachea Rib cage Diaphragm | Trachea |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: | cricoid cartilage. |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: | maxillary. |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: | oropharynx. |
| The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the: | thyroid cartilage. |
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. | 11 |
| The divisions of the thoracic cavity include all of the following except the: | respiratory cavity. |
| 3 Surfactant facts | surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins. keeps the lung inflated at the end of respiration. formed by type II alveolar cells |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | oropharynx. |
| The external openings to the nasal cavities are | nostrils. anterior nares. external nares. |
| Which of the following are lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? | Posterior nares Trachea Primary bronchi |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. | pseudostratified columnar |
| Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx? | Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares |
| Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane? Ciliated respiratory mucosa Alveolar epithelium Capillary epithelium All of the above are part of the respiratory membrane. | Ciliated respiratory mucosa |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | horizontal fissure. |
| What structures are found in the left lung | Oblique fissure Secondary bronchi entering the superior lobe Secondary bronchi entering the inferior lobe |
| Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate? | It forms the lateral aspects of the nose. It separates the internal nose from the mouth. It forms a midline separation in the nasal cavity. |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | They serve in voice production. |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: | conchae. |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: | covering the superior turbinate. |
| The respiratory system can be divided into what two parts? | Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: | bronchioles. |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: | nasopharynx. |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: | throat. |
| The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the: | septum. |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | air. |
| The total number of lobes in both lungs is: | 5 |
| The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the: | trachea. |
| Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects? | The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus. |
Created by:
aarellano123