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CHM chapter 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a carbonyl containing group whose chemistry is dominated by the acidity of the OH proton? | carboxylic acid functional group |
| what are carboxylic acids with long alkyl chains called? | fatty acids |
| what are compounds derived from carboxylic acids but the hydrogen of the OH group is replaced by a carbon containing group? | esters |
| what are made by a reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the Prescence of an acid catalyst? | esters |
| what 2 groups does the structure of water contain? | OH groups |
| is water considered to be polar or non-polar? | polar |
| what are compounds that dissolve in water called? | hydrophilic |
| what are compounds that are not ionic and don't contain OH or similar groups? | nonpolar compounds |
| what are nonpolar compounds called? | hydrophobic |
| will polar and nonpolar compounds dissolve in one another? | no |
| what are lipids that contain one or more ester groups and are able to be hydrolyzed to simpler compounds? | complex lipids |
| what are lipids that don't contain ester groups? | simple lipids |
| what are esters made from combining long chain carboxylic acids with long chain alcohols? | waxes |
| are waxes hydrophobic or hydrophilic? | hydrophobic |
| what are triester molecules made from glycerol and long chain carboxylic acids? | triglycerides |
| if a triglyceride is a liquid at room temp what is it? | an oil |
| if a triglyceride is a solid at liquid temp what is it? | a fat |
| what is the process of hydrolysis of triglycerides under basic conditions which forms glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids? | saponification |
| what do sodium salts of fatty acids spontaneously form sphere-like structures in aqueous solutions called? | micelles |
| what do phospholipics self-assemble into? | lipid bilayers |
| what are the basis for cell membranes? | lipid bilayers |
| what proteins allow for passage substances through channels within the protein so they don't directly encounter hydrophobic interior? | integral proteins |
| what provide a permanent opening to specific substances on both sides of the membrane? | channel proteins |
| what are proteins that are only open at one end of the membrane at a time? | carrier proteins |
| what is a class of compounds that share a common tetracyclic ring system structure? | steroids |
| what often serve as important chemical messengers in the body? | steroids |
| what is embedded into the cell membranes to help maintain their structural integrity? | cholesterol |
| how is cholesterol transported? | water-soluble lipoproteins |
| what type of lipoproteins transport cholesterol from the liver to the cells? | low density lipoproteins |
| what type of lipoproteins transport cholesterol from the body to the liver? | high density lipoproteins |
Created by:
Riley06
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