Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Testing Testing
VMT Chapter 16
| Assessment | Term used to describe the evaluation of a condition |
| Signalment | Description of the animal with information including species, breed, age, and sexual status |
| Febrile | Fever |
| Afebrile | Without Fever |
| Pyrexia | Fever |
| pyr/o | Fire |
| Hypothermia | Decreased body temperature |
| What are some vital signs to assess an animals health? | Temperature, Pulse, Heart Rate, Respiration, and Blood Pressure |
| How is a pulse taken? | By palpating an artery |
| Sphygmomanometer | Instrument used to measure blood pressure |
| Auscultation | Act of listening |
| What instrument is needed to auscultate a patient? | Stethoscope |
| What is a dogs normal heart rate? | 70 - 160 |
| What is a dogs normal respiratory rate? | 8 - 20 |
| What is a dogs normal temperature? | 100.5 - 102.5 |
| What is a cats normal heart rate? | 150 - 210 |
| What is a cats normal respiratory rate? | 8 - 30 |
| What is a cats normal temperature? | 100.5 - 102.5 |
| What is a hamsters normal heart rate? | 250 - 500 |
| What is a hamsters normal respiratory rate? | 35 - 135 |
| What is a hamsters normal temperature? | 99 - 100.5 |
| What is a guinea pigs normal heart rate? | 230 - 280 |
| What is a guinea pigs normal respiratory rate? | 42 - 104 |
| What is a guinea pigs normal temperature? | 99 - 103 |
| What is a rabbits normal heart rate? | 130 - 325 |
| What is a rabbits normal respiratory rate? | 30 - 60 |
| What is a rabbits normal temperature? | 101.5 - 104 |
| What is a horses normal heart rate? | 28 - 50 |
| What is a horses normal respiratory rate? | 8 - 16 |
| What is a horses normal temperature? | 99.5 - 101.5 |
| What is a cows normal heart rate? | 40 - 80 |
| What is a cows normal respiratory rate? | 12 - 36 |
| What is a cows normal temperature? | 100.5 - 102.5 |
| What is a sheep's normal heart rate? | 60 - 120 |
| What is a sheep's normal respiratory rate? | 12 - 50 |
| What is a sheep's normal temperature? | 102.5 - 104 |
| What is a goat's normal heart rate? | 70 - 135 |
| What is a goats normal respiratory rate? | 12 - 50 |
| What is a goats normal temperature? | 101.5 - 105 |
| What is a pigs normal heart rate? | 58 - 100 |
| What is a pigs normal respiratory rate? | 8 - 18 |
| What is a pigs normal temperature? | 102.5 - 104 |
| What is a llamas normal heart rate? | 60 - 90 |
| What is a llamas normal respiratory rate? | 10 - 30 |
| What is a llamas normal | 99 - 102.5 |
| What is a ferrets normal heart rate? | 230 - 250 |
| What is a ferrets normal respiratory rate? | 33 - 36 |
| What is a ferrets normal temperature? | 100.5 - 104 |
| Percussion | Examination by tapping the surface to determine density of a body area |
| Speculum | Instrument used to enlarge the opening of a canal or cavity |
| Venipuncture | Withdrawing blood from a vein, usually with a needle and syringe |
| Refractometer | Instrument used to determine the deviation of light through objects, measure solute concentration of serum, urine, etc. |
| Agglutination | Clumping together of cells or particles |
| Assay | Assessment to determine number of organisms, cells, or amounts of chemical substance found in a sample |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | Diagnostic of blood to determine number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes per cm of blood |
| Differential | Diagnostic evaluation of the number / types of WBC per cm of blood |
| Diluent | Liquid used to make a dilution |
| Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay | Lab test to determine either antigen or antibody in blood, ELISA |
| Hematocrit | Percentage of erythrocytes in blood, crit, PCV, Packed Cell Volume |
| Hemogram | Record of findings in exams of blood especially with reference to numbers, proportions, and morphology of blood cells |
| Immunofluorescence | Method of tagging antibodies with luminating dye to detect antigen or antibody complexes |
| Leukogram | Numeric / descriptive data in distribution and appearance of WBCs, identify pathological processes |
| Profile | Lab tests performed on serum, screen or panel, includes test to measure glucose levels, liver enzymes, and kidney enzymes |
| Prothrombin Time | Diagnostic evaluation of the number of seconds needed for thromboplastin to coagulate plasma |
| Radioimmunoassay | Lab technique in which radioactively labeled substance is mixed with blood specimen to determine amount of substance in mixture, radioassay |
| Red Cell Count | Number of erythrocytes per cm of blood |
| Serology | Lab study of serum and reactions of antigens and antibodies |
| White Cell Count | Number of Leukocytes per cm of blood |
| Centrifuge | Machine that spins samples very rapidly to separate elements based on density |
| What does a centrifuge separate in blood? | Separates the formed elements of blood from the liquid portion of blood |
| What does a centrifuge separate in urine? | Liquid portion of urine from heavier solids |
| What all does a SOAP include? | Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan |
| Acid | Low pH, High number of hydrogen ions |
| Alkaline | High pH, Low number of hydrogen ions |
| Pathogen | Microorganism that produces disease |
| Microorganism | Living organism of microscopic dimensions, not all are pathogens |
| Can microorganisms called normal flora, live in animals body without causing harm? | True |
| Virulence | Degree to which an organism causes disease |
| What can contagious diseases also be referred to? | Communicable |
| Differential Diagnosis | Determination of possible causes of disease |
| Syndrome | Set of signs that occur together |
| Acute | Having a short course with a sudden onset |
| Chronic | Having a long course with a progressive onset |
| Remission | Partial or complete disappearance of disease signs |
| Endemic | Ongoing presence of disease in a group, also called enzootic |
| Epidemic | Sudden and widespread outbreak of disease in a group, also called epizootic |
| Episodic | Outbreak occurs sporadically |
| Pademic | Disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, also called panzootic |
| Iatrogenic Disease | Disorder caused by physicians or veterinarians |
| Idiopathic Disease | Disorder of unknown cause |
| Infectious Disease | Disorder caused by pathogenic organisms |
| Noncontagious Disease | Disorder that cannot be spread from one animal to another animal by contact or contaiminated objects |
| Noninfectious Disease | Disorder not caused by organisms |
| Nosocomial Infection | Disorder caused by pathogenic organisms contracted in a facility or clinic |
| Asymptomatic | Without signs of disease |
| Atraumatic | Noninjuries route |
| Carrier | Animal that harbors infectious agent without displaying clinical signs, may transmit infectious agent to others |
| Clinical | Visible, readily observed, pertaining to treatment |
| Epidemiology | Study of relationships determining frequency and distribution of disease |
| Etiology | Study of disease causes |
| Incidence | Number of new cases of disease occurring during a given time |
| Labile | Unstable |
| Bacteria | Microscopic, prokaryotic unicellular organisms, |
| Prokaryote | Organism without a membrane bound nucleus |
| Fungus | Eukaryotic organism without chlorophyll |
| Eukaryote | Organism with a membrane bound nucleus |
| Parasite | Organism that lives on or in another living organism |
| Virus | Small organism that is not visualized via light microscopy, live only by invading cells |
| Morbid | Afflicted with disease |
| Morbidity | Ratio of diseased animals to well animals in a population |
| Moribund | Near death |
| Mortality | Ratio of diseased animals that die to diseased animals |
| Palliative | Able to relieve but not cure a condition |
| Phobia | Extreme fear |
| Prevalence | Number of cases of disease in a population at a certain time |
| Prophylaxis | Prevention |
| Sequela | Condition occurring as a consequence of another condition |
| Subclinical | Without showing signs of disease |
| Susceptible | Lacking resistance |
| Traumatic | Pertaining to, resulting from, or causing injury |
| Zoonosis | Disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans |
| Endoscopy | Visual exam of interior of any cavity of the body by means of an endoscope |
| Endoscopic Surgery | Procedure using an endoscope to aid in surgical procedures so that only very small incisions are made |
| Trocar | Sharp, needle like instrument that has a cannula used to puncture the wall of a body cavity to withdraw fluid or gas |
| Cannula | Hollow tube |
| Radiopaque | Appearing white or light gray on a radiograph due to ionizing radiation that does not penetrate these structures well |
| Radiolucent | Appearing black or dark gray on a radiograph because ionizing radiation passes quickly through these structures |
| Scout film | Plain radiograph made without the use of a contrast medium |
| What does a scout film indicate? | Whether abnormalities exist in patient or whether there is need for further testing or specialized radiographic studies |
| Roentgen | International unit of radiation |
| Rad | Unit by which absorption of ionizing radiation is measured |
| kVp | Kilovoltage peak, represents strength of x-ray beams |
| MAS | Milliamperes per second, represents number of x-ray beams, based on time |
| Radiographic contrast | Medium, material is a substance used to show structures on x-ray that are otherwise difficult to see |
| Barium Sulfate | Barium, example of contrast material |
| Lower GI / Barium Enema | Type of contrast radiograph used to visualize structures of lower GI tract |
| Upper GI / Barium Swallow | Type of contrast radiograph used to visualize structures of the upper GI tract |
| Lymphangiography | Radiographic examination of lymphatic vessels after injection of contrast material |
| Projection | Path of x-ray beam |
| Anatomical Position | Animal in its normal standing position for radiographs |
| A/P Projection | Craniocaudal Projection, X-ray beam passes from cranial to caudal, also called Anteroposterior Projection |
| P/A Projection | Caudocranial Projection, X-ray beam passes from caudal to cranial, also called Posteroanterior Projection |
| D/V Projection | Dorsoventral Projection, X-ray beam passes dorsally to ventrally |
| V/D Projection | Ventrodorsal Projection, X-ray beam passes ventrally to dorsally |
| Lateral Projection | X-ray beam passes from side to side |
| Oblique Projection | X-ray beam passes through the body on an angle |
| Computed Tomography CT / CAT Scan | Procedure in which ionizing radiation with computer assistance passes through patient to show internal body structures in cross-sectional views |
| Tomography | Recording of internal body structures at predetermined planes producing three-dimensional images |
| Magnetic resonance imaging MRI | Procedure in which radio waves and strong magnetic field pass through the patient to show internal body structures in three-dimensional views |
| How do MRIs create images? | By tracking the magnetic properties in the nucleus of cells, as cells move, some atoms respond to magnetic field and emit radio waves to produce an image |
| What structures are MRIs used for? | Brain, Spine, and Joints |
| Do MRIs use x-rays and are they safe? | MRIs do not use x-rays and are considered safe and effective |
| MRI equipment | Tube into which patient is placed in while the patient is lying absolutely still, magnet in the equipment obtains the scan |
| Fluoroscopy | Procedure used to visually examine internal body structures in motion using radiation to project images onto fluorescent screen as light rays are emitted when x-ray pass through the patient |
| fluor/o | Luminous |
| Luminous | Giving off soft light |
| Ultrasound / Ultrasonography | Imaging of internal body structures by recording echoes of high-frequency sound waves |
| What are sound waves converted to by a detector during an ultrasound? | Electrical Impulses |
| Sonogram | Ultrasound image showing internal body structures by recording echoed pulses of sound waves above the range of human hearing |
| Ampltude | Intensity of an ultrasound wave |
| Anechoic | Ultrasonic term for when waves are transmitted to deeper tissue and none are reflected back |
| Attenuation | Loss of intensity of ultrasound beam as it travels through tissue |
| Echoic | Ultrasound property of producing adequate levels of reflections when sound waves are returned to transducer and displayed |
| Frequency | Number of cycles per unit of time, f |
| Hyperechoic | Tissue that reflects more sound back to transducer than the surrounding tissues, appears bright |
| Hypoechoic | Tissue that reflects less sound bac to the transducer than the surrounding tissues, appears dark |
| Isoechoic | Tissue that has the same ultrasonic appearance as that of the surrounding tissue |
| Resolution | Ability to separately identify different structures on radiograph or ultrasound |
| Velocity | Speed at which something travels through an object, v |
| a or amp | Ampere |
| A/P | Anterior / Posterior |
| APMLO | Anterior to posterior and medial to lateral oblique |
| BE | Barium Enema |
| Ba | Barium |
| DL-PaMO | Dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique |
| DL-PlMO | Dorsolateral-plantaromedial oblique |
| DM-PaLO | Dorsomedial-Palmarolateral oblique |
| DP | Dorsopalmar |
| DPl | Dorsoplantar |
| DPr DDiO | Dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique |
| D/V | Dorsal / Ventral |
| F | Frequency |
| Hz / Hertz | Unit of frequency |
| upside down y | Wavelength |
| IVP | Intravenous Pyelogram |
| kV | Kilovolt |
| kW | Kilowatt |
| LM | Lateral to Medial |
| LMO | Lateral to Medial oblique |
| mA | Milliamperage |
| mAs | Milliamperage in seconds |
| mc | Millicurie |
| ML | Medial to Lateral |
| MLO | Medial to Lateral oblique |
| O | Oblique |
| Pa45Pr-PaDiO | Palmaroproximal-palmarodistal oblique |
| PALMO | Posterior to Anterior and Lateral to Medial oblique |
| RT | Radiation Therapy |
| T | Period of time, used in ultrasound |
| v | Velocity |
| V | Volt |
| W | Watt |
| X-ray | Roentgen Ray |
| CC | Cheif Complaint |
| DD, ddx | Differential Diagnosis |
| DDN | Dull, Depressed, Nonresponsive |
| DOA | dead on arrival |
| dx | Diagnosis |
| ET | Endotracheal |
| GSW | Gunshot Wound |
| hx | History |
| mm hg | Millimeters of mercury |
| POVMR | Problem-oriented veterinary medical records |
| TLC | Tender loving care |
| Ab | Antibody |
| ABG | Arterial Blood Gas |
| ABO | Human Blood Groups |
| ag | Antigen |
| alb | Albumin |
| alk phos | Alkaline Phosphatase |
| ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
| amyl | amylase |
| AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen |
| CFT | Complement fixation Test |
| CHOL | Cholesteral |
| CK | Creatine Kinase |
| CREA | Creatine |
| diff | Differential white blood count |
| ESR | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| GGT | Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase |
| GLU | Glucose |
| GTT | Glucose tolerance test |
| HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
| HPR | High power field |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| LDL | Low density lipoprotein |
| LPF | Low power field |
| MCH | Mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
| MCHC | Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration |
| MCV | Mean corpuscular volume |
| ME | Myeloid-erythroid ratio |
| NRBC | Nucleated RBC |
| PT | Prothrombin Time |
| PTT | Partial prothrombin time |
| qns | Quantity not sufficient |
| qs | Quantity sufficient |
| rpm | Revolutions per minute |
| SAP | Serum Alkaline Phosphatase |
| sed or SR | Sedimentation rate |
| sp. gr. | Specific gravity |
| TBIL | Total bilirubin |
| TNTC | Too numerous to count |
| TP | Total protein |
Created by:
VTodd639