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Science test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is energy? | Energy is the ability to do work/cause change |
| What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? | Energy can not be created or destroyed |
| What is mechanical energy? | The total Energy an object possesses due to its motion or position Total KE and PE |
| What is potential energy? | Energy that is stored and not being used |
| Elastic potential | -the energy stored in an elastic object as a result of deforming it by stretching, compressing, or twisting |
| Chemical potential | the energy stored within the chemical bonds of a substance, which can be released or absorbed during a chemical reaction |
| Gravitational potential | the energy an object stores due to its position in a gravitational field |
| Nuclear potential | the energy stored within the nucleus of an atom, resulting from the forces that bind protons and neutrons together |
| What is kinetic energy? | Energy an object possesses due to its motion |
| Motion KE | the energy an object possesses due to its motion |
| Electrical KE | the energy of moving electric charges, such as electrons |
| Sound KE | the energy of motion produced by the vibrations of molecules in a medium, which is perceived as sound |
| Radiant KE | a form of kinetic energy that travels as electromagnetic waves, like light, radio waves, and X-rays. |
| Thermal KE | the total kinetic energy of all the particles within a substance due to their random motion, such as vibration, rotation, and translation |
| What energy transformations occur in Photosynethesis | solar energy is converted to chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in the form of glucose (sugar). |
| What energy transformations occur when jumping on a trampoline | kinetic energy, then gravitational potential energy when you are in the air (stored energy due to height), and elastic potential energy when you land and bounce on the trampoline (stored energy in the stretched trampoline mat and springs) |
| What energy transformations occur when Listening to music on your earbuds | Electric energy to sound energy |
| How do kinetic and potential energy change as a ball is thrown up in the air and falls back down? | As a ball is thrown up, its kinetic energy) decreases while its potential energy increases, (PE is at its peak of its flight) As the ball falls back down, PE is converted back into KE so potential energy decreases while kinetic energy increases. |
| What are the disadvantages of using fossil fuels? | It produces Co2, air, water pollution, climate change |
| What are the three types of fossil fuels? | coal, natural gas, petroleum. |
| What is a renewable energy resource? Give some examples. | Renewable energy is energy from naturally replenished sources that are virtually inexhaustible, meaning they won't run out. Hydroelectric, wind, geothermal, and solar energy |
| What energy transformations happen to harness solar energy? In other words, what types of energy are involved in turning solar energy into electricity? | Radiant energy to electrical |
| What energy transformations happen to harness hydroelectric energy? In other words, what types of energy are involved in turning falling water into electricity? | Mechanical to electrical to thermal to radiant |
| Why does a swinging pendulum eventually slow down and stop? What forces and energies are involved? | Air resistance, friction, gravity and KE is turned into PE. Mechanical energy is converted into other forms. |
| Why does a swinging pendulum eventually slow down and stop? | As the pendulum swings, it loses KE and eventually slows/stops because there is no more KE to keep it moving. |
| What is the first variable you can change about a swinging pendulum? | ANGLE- When you change the angle, keep the mass and length the same, the period time increases as you increase the angle from 30 to 60 to 90 degrees. There is a slight change |
| What is the second variable you can change about a swinging pendulum? | LENGTH- When you change the length of the sting and keep the mass and angle the same, the period time increases as you increase the length (most significant) |
| What is the third variable you can change about a swinging pendulum? | MASS- When you increase the mass and keep the length and angle the same, there is no change to the period time as the mass increases or decreases. |
| What is the name of the type of chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide and water? | Combustion |
| What are some safety precautions that should be taken if you are using chemicals or performing a chemical reaction? | Do not cover up the first aid/important signs, Don't put chemicals in your mouth, Don't leave cords in the middle of the lab because you can trip, Don’t smoke in the lab, Don't leave hazardous waste in the open areas, Don't pour chemicals down the sink |
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