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Chemistry Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| Physical property | a property of matter that can be measured without changing the identify of the substance |
| Chemical property | the property of which chemical reactions a substance will or won’t do |
| Atom | the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element |
| Subatomic particles | the three kinds of particles that make up atoms (protons, neutrons, and electrons) |
| Electron | the negatively charged subatomic particles of an atom |
| Nucleus | the very small dense region in the center of an atom that contains all the positive charge and most of the mass |
| Proton | the positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Wavelength | the distance from crest to crest of one complete wave |
| Ion | atoms that have lost or gained electrons |
| Electron configuration | the arrangement of the electrons of an atom in its different energy sublevels |
| Excited state | an electron of an atom that has absorbed enough energy to be raised to a higher energy level |
| Ground state | the lowest energy level that an electron of an atom can occupy |
| Period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| Chemical group | a column of elements in the periodic table that have similar electron configurations and properties |
| Noble gas | a family of elements in group 18 of the periodic table that are all gases and not chemical reactive |
| Valence electrons | the electrons in the outermost energy levels of an atom |
| Octet rule | atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons so that they have an outer shell configuration of 8 electrons |
| Ionic bond | the attraction between oppositely charged ions where one atom has lost electrons and the other has gained electrons |
| Covalent bond | a bond produced by sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms |
| Isotope | atoms of the same element that have different masses due to different numbers of neutrons |
| radioactive decay | an atom that has an unstable nucleus and will decay to get a more stable nucleus. The three types are beta, alpha, and positron. |
| Fusion | nuclei of lighter atoms combine to form an atom with greater mass and release a large amount of energy |
| Fission | the process of breaking apart nuclei into smaller nuclei with the release of a large amount of energy |
| Half-life | the length of time it takes for half of any quantity of a given radioactive isotope to decay |
| Coulomb electrostatic force | the force that repels or attracts charged objects |
| Strong nuclear force | the attractive force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
| Neutron | particle in the nucleus of the atom with a mass of 1u and no electric charge |
| Atomic mass | the mass of an atom, which is the number of protons plus neutrons |
| Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, this identifies the element |
| Ionization energy | the energy needed to remove an outer electron from an atom |
Created by:
mharms
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