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Gov Ch. 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Office of Management and Budget (OMB) | Assists the president in creating the federal budget and overseeing executive agencies’ budget use. |
| Oversight | Congress monitoring government agencies to ensure they follow laws. |
| How does Congress use the budget as a check? | Controls agency funds to limit executive actions. |
| Why can veto threats influence bills? | Congress may change a bill to avoid a veto. |
| How do party leaders influence votes? | Through pressure, committee assignments, and campaign support. |
| Veto Override | Requires 2/3 vote in both chambers. |
| Presidential Action On a Bill | Sign, veto, or allow bill to become law after 10 days. |
| Executive branch | the branch of government charged with putting the nation's laws into effect |
| Federalist No. 70 | Hamilton argues that an energetic singles executive will protect against foreign attacks, provide for the administration of laws, and protect liberty and property |
| Formal or enumerated powers | powers expressly granted in the Constitution Informal powers |
| Article II | Presidency |
| President's cabinet | Fifteen major departments Secretaries advise president and act as the link between the president and bureaucracy President can issue an executive order instructing the bureaucracy how to implement policy |
| Treaty | an agreement with a foreign government negotiated by the president and requiring a 2/3s vote in the Senate to ratify |
| State of the Union Address | the annual speech from the president to Congress updating that branch on the state of national affairs (Article II Section 3) |
| Pocket veto | an informal veto caused when the president chooses not to sign a bill within ten days, during a time when congress has adjourned at the end of a session |
| Veto | formal rejection by the president of a bill that has passed both houses of Congress |
| Presidential pardon | presidential authority to release individuals convicted of a crime from legal consequences and set aside punishment for a crime |
| Executive privilege | a right claimed by presidents to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential from outside scrutiny, especially that of Congress |
| Executive agreement | an agreement between a president and another nation that does not have the same durability in the American system as a treaty but does not require Senate ratification |
| Signing statement | written comments issued by presidents while signing a bill into law that usually consist of political statements or reasons for signing the bill but that may also include a president's interpretation of the law itself |
| Executive orders | policy directives issued by president that do not require congressional approval |
| How have Presidents expanded their informal power? | through executive agreements, executive agreement, executive orders, and signing statements |
| Article 2, Section 1 | establishes the presidency and vice presidency, vests executive power in the President, sets a four-year term for both offices, and outlines the process for electing the president through the electoral College |
| Article 2, Section 2 | grants the President power to, serve as Commander in Chief of the armed forces, make treaties with Senate approval, appointments (ambassadors, judges, etc.) with Senate approval, and to grant pardons |
| Article 2, Section 3 | President's duty to give Congress the "State of the Union" address, recommending legislation, convening or adjourning Congress in specific circumstances, receiving ambassadors, commissioning officers, the "Take Care Clause" |
| "Take Care Clause" | mandates the President "shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed" |
| Presidents roles and responsibilities | Chief of State Chief Executive Commander in Chief Chief Diplomat Legislative Leader Party Leader |
| Chief of State | Role: The ceremonial head of the government and a symbol of the nation. Example: Hosting a state dinner for a foreign leader or awarding the Presidential Medal of Freedom |
| Chief Executive | Role: Head of the executive branch, responsible for enforcing federal laws and administering the government. Example: Appointing a cabinet member, such as the Secretary of the Treasury, to oversee the Treasury Department. |
| Commander in Chief | Role: The supreme commander of the U.S. armed forces. Example: Ordering military action or deploying troops to a foreign country. |
| Chief Diplomat | Role: The main architect of U.S. foreign policy and the nation's chief spokesperson to other countries. Example: Negotiating a peace treaty with another nation, which is then subject to Senate ratification |
| Legislative Leader | Role: The president can influence and propose legislation to Congress. Example: Proposing an annual budget to Congress that sets legislative priorities. |
| Party Leader | Role: The unofficial leader of their political party, helping to advance its agenda. Example: Working with party members in Congress to pass a key piece of legislation supported by the party. |
Created by:
katdolan