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Biochem Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anabolism | Build Endergonic +G Condensation, Reduction |
| Catabolism | Break Exergonic -G Hydrolysis, Oxidation |
| Metabolism | refers to the chemical reactions occurring in the body that break down or build up molecules. |
| Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into | monosaccharide |
| Triglycerides are broken down to | glycerol and fatty acids |
| Proteins are hydrolyzed into | amino acid |
| These smaller hydrolysis products are absorbed through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream and are eventually transported to different tissues for use by the cells. | the intestinal wall into the bloodstream and are eventually transported to different tissues for use by the cells. |
| Glycolysis Steps 1-2 | Glucose-> G6P |
| Glycolysis Steps 2-3 | G6P-> F6P |
| Glycolysis Steps 3-4 | F6P->F1,6P |
| Glycolysis Steps 4-5 | F1,6P-> G3P END OF ENERGY INVESTMENT |
| Glycolysis Steps 5-6 | G3P-> 1,3B |
| Glycolysis Steps 6-7 (heh) | 1,3B->3P |
| Glycolysis Steps 7-8 | 3P->2P |
| Glycolysis Steps 8-9 | 2P->1P |
| Glycolysis Steps 9-10 | 1P-> Pyruvate |
| Where does Glycolysis happen? | Cytosol |
| Glycolysis Steps 1-2 do what? | PHOSPHORYLATION + HYDRATION (ATP->ADP) |
| Glycolysis Steps 2-3 do what? | ISOMERIZATION |
| Glycolysis Steps 3-4 do what? | PHOSPHORYLATION + HYDRATION (ATP->ADP) |
| How many ATPs are used in steps 1-5 of Glycoylsis? | 2 ENERGY INVESTING |
| Glycolysis Steps 4-5 do what? | Split the F1,6P into 2 sets of G3Ps This means steps 6-10 are done TWICE |
| Glycolysis Steps 5-6 do what? | OXIDIZE (NAD+ -> NADH) |
| Glycolysis Steps 6-7 do what? | CONDENSATION (ADP->ATP) |
| Glycolysis Steps 7-8 do what? | NOTHING (just 3P into 2P) |
| Glycolysis Steps 8-9 do what? | HYDRATION 2 H2O'S |
| Glycolysis Steps 9-10 do what? | CONDENSATION (ADP->ATP) |
| Glycolysis Steps 1-2 enzyme | Hexokinase! |
| Glycolysis Steps 3-4 enzyme | PFK |
| Glycolysis Steps 5-6 enzyme | TIM |
| Glycolysis Steps 6-7 enzyme | GAPHD |
| Glycolysis Steps 9-10 enzyme | Enolase! |
| How many ATPs are made in Glycolysis? | 4 |
| How many ATPs NET are in Glycolysis | 2 |
| How many NADH are made in Glycolysis | 2 |
| How many NAD+ made in Glycolysis | NONE |
| How many H2O's are made in Glycolysis | 2 |
| How many Pyruvates are made in Glycolysis | 2 |
| How many FADs are made in Glycolysis | NONE |
| Fructose that is not metabolized in the muscle is metabolized in the __________to yield ________ an excess of which would be stored as fat. | LIVER; Pyruvate and Acetyl COA |
| What carb is digested in the mouth? | Startch |
| What carb is digested in the Stomach? | NONE (proteins are) |
| What carb is digested in the small intestine? | Oligosaccharides and Disaccharides |
| What about monosaccharides? Where are they digested | They are not digested, rather ABOSRBED cuz dey small(in the small intenstin) |
| Which of the following products of glycolysis is an inhibitor of the enzyme PFK to slow down the process? | ATP |
| Bonds in primary structure | peptide bonds |
| Bonds in secondary structure | hydrogen bonds |
| Bonds in tertiary structure | London forces, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and ion-dipole interactions, ionic salt bridges, and disulfide bonds between the R groups of amino acids far away from each other in sequence |
| Bonds in quadrenary structure | Same forces as tertiary structure, but between subunits |
| The peptide bond forms through which type of reaction? | B. Condensation |
| Protonated v deprotonated | Protonated means a molecule has gained a proton H making it more positively charged or less negatively charged, while deprotonated means it has lost a proton, becoming more negatively charged or less positively charged. |
| A peptide has a pI of 9.5. At pH 7.0, it will be: C. Positively charged | Positively charged |
| At very low pH (pH 1), the predominant form of an amino acid has: A. A deprotonated amine and protonated carboxylate B. A protonated amine and protonated carboxyl group C. A zwitterion with no net charge D. A fully negative net charge | B. A protonated amine and protonated carboxyl group |
| At physiological pH (~7.4), which statement correctly describes the structure of a generic amino acid? | B. The amine is protonated and the carboxylate is deprotonated |
| The process of breaking down fatty acids to acetyl-CoA is called | β-oxidation |
| Do enzymes lower the activation energy? | Yes |
| During transcription, RNA polymerase reads the DNA template in which direction? A. 5′ → 3′ | 3′ → 5′ |
| What type of reaction converts pyruvate → acetyl-CoA? | Oxidative decarboxylation |
| Under anaerobic conditions, lactate dehydrogenase: | . Regenerates NAD |
| A peptide bond forms between: | A carboxyl group and an amino group |
| Which force is MOST important for the interior packing of a globular protein? | Hydrophobic interactions |
Created by:
liladdoyle