Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Exam 2

All Learned chapters

QuestionAnswer
What is a metabolic pathway A chain of chemical steps where one thing is changed into another
How can the end product stop the pathway When enough final product is made, it “turns off” the first enzyme so the cell doesn’t waste energy making more.
Which part of cellular respiration makes the most ATP? electron transport chain
anaerobic happens without oxygen
aerobic needs oxygen
What is it called when water is used to break molecules apart? Hydrolysis
DNA base pairs A pairs with T & C pairs with G
What energy molecule does the cell use? ATP
ATP it’s the energy “money”
Where is the ATP located the triphosphate
Why is ATP important Cells use it for almost everything — moving, building things, and transporting stuff.
What happens during DNA replication The DNA unzips and each side is copied to make two identical DNA molecules.
How similar are two humans’ genomes? About 99.9%
transcription DNA → mRNA
Translation mRNA → protein
What builds bigger molecules by removing water Dehydration synthesis
anabolism the process of building up complex molecules from smaller ones
Dehydration synthesis (water is removed to build something bigger)
Glycolysis makes 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH.
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic Anaerobic
How does an enzyme interact with a substrate The substrate fits into the enzyme like a key fits into a lock, and the enzyme helps turn it into something new.
What enzyme helps copy DNA DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain during replication and repair
What tissue covers body surfaces Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue skin and linings
Three fibers in connective tissue Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers
Collagen Fibers Strong fibers that keep skin and tissues firm
Elastic fibers Stretchy fibers that let skin and tissues bend and snap back
Reticular fibers Thin fibers that form a soft, supportive net inside organs.
Main functions of connective tissue Support, protect, store fat, and connect parts of the body.
Three types of cartilage Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage.
Hyaline Cartilage Smooth, glassy cartilage that cushions joints
Elastic Cartilage Flexible cartilage that bends easily.
Fibrocartilage Very tough cartilage that absorbs shock.
Cartilage Cells chondrocytes
Bone Cells osteocytes
Concentric circles in compact bone Lamellae
What connective tissue stores fat Adipose tissue
Skeletal Muscle you control it (Voluntary) ; moves your bones
Cardiac Muscle in the heart; automatic (Involuntary)
Smooth Muscle in organs; automatic (Involuntary)
Merocrine/eccrine normal sweat glands (for cooling)
Apocrine thicker sweat (armpits, groin), active at puberty
Function of fibroblasts Make fibers like collagen
Major cell types found in what tissue Connective tissue
Synovial membranes are made of what Loose connective tissue
Muscle in hollow organs Smooth muscle
What epithelium is in the skin epidermis Stratified squamous keratinized
Stratified squamous keratinized (many layers, waterproof).
Ligaments and tendons are made of what tissue Dense regular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue Strong tissue made of tightly packed, parallel fibers that resist pulling in one direction.
Dermis thick; has blood vessels strength and flexibility to the skin sensations producing sweat keeps skin moist and hair
Where is the Reticular dermis located deeper and thicker, below the papillary layer
What is the Reticular dermis made of Dense irregular connective tissue
What does the Papillary dermis supply nutrients to the epidermis
Where is the Papillary dermis located Just beneath the epidermis
What does the Papillary dermis contain touch receptors and immune cells
What does the Reticular dermis provide strength and flexibility
What does the Reticular dermis contain Network of collagen fibers elastin fibers sweat glands hair follicles nerves and blood vessels
What are the layers of the dermis Reticular dermis & Papillary dermis
What is the Papillary dermis made of Loose connected tissue
Epidermis thin; no blood vessels protection hydration making new skin cells
What are the layers of the Epidermis Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum & Stratum corneum
Where is the Stratum basale located The deepest layer of the Epidermis
What does the Stratum Basale Produce produce new skin cells
Melanocytes Produce pigment
What does the Stratum Basale Contain melanocytes
Stratum spinosum A layer of keratinocytes has spiny" appearance. It is often the thickest layer.
Stratum granulosum where keratinocytes flatten to produce keratin and granules.
Stratum lucidum the palms and soles Thin clear layer of dead keratinocytes between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum
Where is the Stratum corneum located most superficial (Outermost) layer of the Epidermis
What is the Stratum Corneum made off flat, dead, Corneocytes
Corneocytes keratin-filled cells
1st degree Burns red, painful, no blisters, found in the epidermis
2nd degree Burns blisters, very painful in the epidermis and part of the dermis
3rd degree Burns all layers destroyed, no pain, charred skin destroys the epidermis and the dermis and damages nerves and Hypodermis
What determines hair color Type and amount of melanin. Melanocytes located in the Stratum basale
What is keratinization Skin cells fill with keratin, die, and form the tough outer skin layer. Skin Cell hardening
What are the layers of the Dermis Papillary dermis & Reticular dermis
Function of Nails Protect fingers & toes
Where do Nails Grow from nail matrix
Purpose of melanin Protects skin from UV rays
What makes Melanin Melanocytes
Where are Melanocytes located the stratum basale
Is albinism connected to melanin Yes — Keeps melanocytes from making melanin
What is the oily skin substance Sebum
Three skin accessory structures Hair, nails, sweat/oil glands.
What are arrector pili Small muscles that make hair stand up (goosebumps)
Three skin functions Protect, sense, and regulate body temperature.
cyanosis Skin turning blue when there’s low oxygen.
The largest Organ Skin
Neuroglia Cells that support neurons in the CNS
For Hyperthermia(Hot) Blood Cells widen (dilate)
For Hypothermia(Cold) Blood Cells tighten (constrict)
Layers of the skin Epidermis, dermis.
4 types of Tissue Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous
4 Cells types in the Epithelial tissue Squamous Cuboidal Columnar and Transitional
Squamous Cells Flat
Cuboidal Cells Cube-Shape
Columnar Cells Rectangular
Transitional Able to change shape
four types of membranes cutaneous, Mucous, serous and synovial
cutaneous membranes The skin, which covers the body.
Mucous membranes Lines body cavities that open to the exterior, like the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Serous membranes Lines body cavities and covers organs
Synovial membranes Lines joints and produces synovial fluid, which lubricates and nourishes joint cartilage.
Parietal Serous Membrane lines the walls of the body cavity,
Visceral Serous Membrane covers the organs within that cavity,
cells in Neural Tissue Neurons and Neuroglia
Neurons signaling cells responsible
Keratinization process where skin cells produce keratin resulting in a tough, waterproof barrier that helps protect underlying tissues.
Hair Root the living portion where growth occurs
Hair Follicle The sac-like structure anchors it into the skin.
Hair Root the living portion where growth occurs
Hair Follicle The sac-like structure anchors it into the skin.
Hemostasis The immediate response to injury where blood vessels constrict and platelets form a clot to stop bleeding.
Inflammation The area becomes inflamed, and immune cells migrate to the site to clean up debris and fight infection.
immune cells clean up debris and fight infection.
Proliferation New tissue forms, and cells divide to repair the wound.
Remodeling collagen is remodeled to strengthen the new tissue
4 steps of the healing process Hemostasis Inflammation Proliferation Remodeling
Neuroglia Provide structural and metabolic support to neurons
Created by: user-1990156
 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards