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Final part 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells | Tectorial membrane |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin | beta cells |
| Transparent mucus membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid | Conjuctiva |
| Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones? | The fovea centralis |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children | calcitonin |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body? | Thyroid Gland |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. | Vitreous Humor |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the | Cochlear duct |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as | infundibulum |
| Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers | cornea |
| Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing | Cochlear duct |
| Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic | Choroid |
| Membrane attached to the stapes | Oval window |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. | Adrenal Gland |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oval ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| Interferon inhibits the spread of | Viruses and bacteria |
| The lymph nodes located just above the bend of the elbow are called the _______ lymph nodes | Supratrochlear |
| Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the | Subclavian veins |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center |
| The size of lymph nodes varies from ________mm to more than _____ mm in diameter. | 1 &20 |
| The breast- the mammary gland and surrounding tissue---- is drained by the | Lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with exception of the areola and nipple, and lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the Arreola and nipple. |
| Is the lymphatic system, like the circulatory system, is a closed circuit. | False |
| A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a(n) | Monocyte |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | Immunoglobulins |
| Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function? | Hydrochloric acid |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _______, which is referred to as the first line of defense. | Skin |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | Tonsils |
| Hassall Corpuscles are part of the: | Thymus |
| The cisterna Chyli: | originates in the thoracic duct |
| The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the: | Inguinal Lymph nodes |
| An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the _____ nodes. | Superficial cubital |
| What do lacteals do?? | They are lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines, and are able to absorb fat from the digestive system |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into_______, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body | Thymocytes |
| The tonsils located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the ________ tonsils. | Pharyngeal |
| The spleen is located in the ________ region. | Left hypochondriac |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body's third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | Lymphocyte |
| About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the: | Liver and Spleen |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as ________immunity | Cell-mediated |
| Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the: | Small intestine. |
| Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics: | have thinner walls, contain more valves, and contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the lymph | Thymus |
| The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as "not self" is called: | Non-specific immunity |
| Is the pancreas a lymph organ? | No |
| The _______ of each lung lies against the ribs and is rounded to match the contours of the thoracic cavity | Costal Surface |
| The surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is coated with a fluid containing | Surfactant |
| An inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that involves the airways of the lungs is called | Pneumonia |
| Which organ consists largely of cartilages that are attached to one another and to surrounding structures by muscles or fibrous and elastic tissue components? | Larynx |
| A common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree | Acute Bronchitis |
| The trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs make up the | Lower respiratory tract. |
| During respiration, the thorax | becomes larger when the chest is raised |
| The vibrissae function as | filters |
| The air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity are called | paranasal sinuses |
| The roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the | cribiform plate |
| The small leaf-shaped cartilage that projects upward behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the | epiglottis |
| Gas exchange occurs only in the | Alveoli |
| The microscopic cilia function to | Move mucus toward the pharynx |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called | Conchae |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | Air |
| The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: | epiglottis |
| The fauces, one of the seven opening found in the pharynx, opens into the | Oropharynx |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are | Bronchioles |
| What is the total number of lobes in both lungs is: | 5 |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: | Throat |
| The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the: | Nasopharynx |
| The lower border of the cavity pf the larynx is formed by the: | cricoid cartilage |
| What does the division of the thoracic cavity include | the left and right pleural cavities and the mediastinum |
| Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects? | |
| the largest of the paranasal sinuses is the | maxillary |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: | covering the superior turbinate |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | Horizontal Fissure |
| The respiratory system can be divided into what two parts? | Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract |
| The structure in the neck known as the "Adam's apple" is the | Thyroid cartilage |
| Does the intrinsic muscle of the larynx serve in voice production? | Yes |
| The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the: | Septum |
| The external opening to the nasal cavities can be referred to what three names | Nostrils, anterior nares and external nares |
| Is the trachea a accessory structure of the respiratory system? | No |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _________ epithelium | Pseudostratified columnar |
| Does the vestibule have ciliated mucous membranes. | Vestibule |
| What separates the nasal and cranial cavities? | The cribriform plate |
| Where does the Thyroid and parathyroids develop? | Primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx |
| Which organ in the digestive system has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? | Esophagus |
| Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, Submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day? | 1 liter |
| Names the lobes of the liver. | Right lobe, left lobe, caudate lobe and quadrate lobe |
| Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called __________ Cells. | Kupffer |
| Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as | Cholecystectomy |
| Which part of the intestines has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? | Small intestine |
| What is the longest part of the small intestine | Ileum |
| The walls of the GI tract are composed of ________ layers of tissue. | Four |
| Which papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? | Fliform |
| Microvilli can be found inn the | Small and large intestine |
| After leaving he stomach food enters the: | Small intestine |
| How do extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles? | Extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin outside the tongue. |
| A barium enema study is used to detect and locate | polyps, tumors and diverticula |
| What does the hard palate consist of? | Four bones: two maxillae and two palatines. |
| An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order from superficial to deep: | Serosa, musculares, submucosa and mucosa |
| What are the parts of the small intestine? | Duodenum, Ileum, Jejunum |
| What kind of salivary glands produce only a mucus type of saliva? | Sublinguals |
| The fan-shaped projection of the peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: | Mesentery |
| The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: | Papillae |
| The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the | Hepatic Flexure |
| The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is: | Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid |
| The most essential part of bile is | Bile salts |
| The flap of tissue from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: | Uvula |
| The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is__________ epithelium. | Simple Columnar |
| The substance the forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is | Cementum |
| The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the ________ colon | Descending |
| The longer portion of the small intestine is | The ileum |
| The more common term for deglutition is: | Swallowing |
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