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Urinary 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Branch off the abdominal aorta and enter the kidneys. | Renal arteries |
| Arteries that pass between the renal pyramids. | Interlobar arteries |
| Arteries that arch between the cortex and the medulla. | Arcuate arteries |
| Arteries that branch off the arcuate arteries and project into the cortex. | Interlobular arteries |
| Arise from branches of the interlobular arteries and extend to the glomerular capillaries. | Afferent arterioles |
| Vessels that extend from the glomerular capillaries. | Efferent arterioles |
| Capillaries that surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the loops of Henle. | Peritubular capillaries |
| Specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla. | Vasa recta |
| Formed where the distal convoluted tubule comes in contact with the afferent arteriole next to the Bowman's capsule. | Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| Exits the kidney, formed by the convergence of smaller veins. | Renal vein |
| One of the primary functions of the urinary system (the removal of wastes). | Excretion |
| Movement of water, ions, and small molecules through the filtration membrane into the Bowman's capsule to form filtrate. | Filtration |
| Results from the three processes of filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. | Urine formation |
| Movement of substances from the filtrate across the wall of the nephrons back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries. | Tubular reabsorption |
| Active transport of solutes across the nephron walls into the filtrate. | Tubular secretion |
| Forces fluid from the glomerular capillary across the FM into the Bowman's capsule. | Filtration pressure |
| Pressure of filtrate already inside the Bowman's capsule; moves fluid from the capsule into the blood. | Capsular pressure |
| Pressure produced by the concentration of blood proteins within the glomerular capillary; moves fluid into the blood by osmosis. | Colloid osmotic pressure |
| Condition where the filtration pressure and filtrate formation fall dramatically. | Cardiovascular shock |
| Activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall. | Micturition Reflex |
| Occurs by osmosis across the wall of the nephron, especially if ADH is present. | Water reabsorption |
| Occurs by transport processes, such as active transport and cotransport, into the interstitial fluid. | Solute reabsorption |
| Fluid outside the nephron tubules, between the cells. | Interstitial fluid |
| Process that creates a concentration gradient (300 mOsm/L in cortex to 1200 mOsm/L in medulla) that drives water reabsorption. | Urine-Concentrating Mechanism |
| Organic waste molecule in urine. | Urea |
| Secreted from the kidney when blood pressure decreases. | Renin |
| Converted to angiotensin I by renin. | Angiotensinogen |
| Stimulates aldosterone secretion. | Angiotensin II |
| Hormone that increases Na and Cl reabsorption from the nephron. | Aldosterone |
| Hormonal mechanism that regulates urine concentration and volume, triggered by decreased blood pressure. | Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-Mechanism |
| Secreted from the posterior pituitary when blood concentration increases or blood pressure decreases. | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
Created by:
Starwitness