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Cognition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| algorithm | A step-by-step method that always gives the right answer. |
| anterograde amnesia | When a person can’t form new memories after an injury. |
| amnesia | Loss of memory. |
| aphasia | Trouble speaking or understanding language due to brain damage. |
| automatic processing | Taking in information without trying (like space, time). |
| availability heuristic | Making decisions based on what comes to mind easily. |
| babbling stage | Babies’ early speech (around 4 months) with random sounds. |
| belief perseverance | Holding onto beliefs even when shown evidence they’re wrong. |
| chunking | Grouping info into chunks to remember it better. |
| cognition | Mental processes: thinking, knowing, remembering. |
| concept | A mental category (like “dog” or “fruit”). |
| confirmation bias | Looking for information that supports your beliefs. |
| deep processing | Encoding something by attaching meaning, which improves memory. |
| déjà vu | Feeling like you’ve experienced something before. |
| echoic memory | Very short memory for sounds (about 3–4 seconds). |
| effortful processing | Learning that requires attention and effort. |
| encoding | Putting info into memory. |
| episodic memory | Memory of personal events (“episodes” of your life). |
| explicit memory | Memory you can consciously recall (facts & events). |
| fixation | Getting stuck on one way of thinking. |
| flashbulb memory | A vivid, emotional memory of a surprising event. |
| framing | How information is presented affects decisions (“10% fat” vs “90% fat-free”). |
| functional fixedness | Seeing items only in their usual uses. |
| grammar | Rules for how words work in a language. |
| heuristic | A quick mental shortcut. |
| hippocampus | Brain area that helps form new memories. |
| iconic memory | Very short memory of visual images (½ second). |
| implicit memory | Unconscious memory (skills, habits). |
| insight | A sudden “aha!” moment. |
| intuition | Automatic feeling or guess. |
| language | Our spoken, written, or signed words. |
| linguistic determinism | The idea that language controls how we think. |
| long-term memory | Unlimited storage of information over time. |
| long-term potentiation (LTP) | Strengthening of brain connections when learning |
| memory | Learning that has stayed over time |
| memory consolidation | The process of making memories long-lasting. |
| mental set | Tendency to solve problems the same old way. |
| misinformation effect | When misleading info distorts someone’s memory. |
| mnemonics | Memory tricks (like acronyms). |
| mood-congruent memory | Remembering things that match your mood. |
| gestalt psychologists | the whole is greater then the sum of its parts (brain fills in gaps) |
| figure ground pattern | tendency to simplify a scene into the main object and the background |
| grouping | tendency to organize stimuli into groups in order to process the complexity of the world |
| depth perception | the ability to perceive the world in 3D and to judge the distance of objects |
| binocular cues | require both eyes to perceive depth |
| retinal disparity | the difference between images- images overlap and brain combines them |
| convergence | enables us to determine how close or far away objects are |
Created by:
user-1898992