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infection control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| medically important fungi are ___ | dimorphic, they are yeasts or molds |
| prokaryotic, single celled but live in colonies | bacteria |
| carry either DNA or RNA | viruses |
| can lie dormant for long time | viruses |
| four classifications of infectious fungi | Superficial Cutaneous Subcutaneous Systemic |
| eukaryotic microbes that are parasitic, some have digestive systems | parasitic protozoa |
| if a dog bites you it is what type of contact | direct contact |
| tick and mosquito bites are what type of contact | vectors, indirect |
| coughing and droplet are what type of contact | airborne, direct |
| fomite | nonliving mode of transmission, doorknob |
| nosocomial | hospital acquired infection |
| ingression vs penetration entry | ingression does not pierce through the skin penetration is deep |
| indirect and direct causes of damage | direct- damage to cells and cell function indirect- damage to larger host metabolic function. |
| three outcomes of pathogenic infection | 1. host overcomes the infection 2. infection overcomes the host 3. they live in symbiosis |
| chain of infection (4) | host-->infectious microbe--> mode of transmission--> reservoir--> |
| antigens that enter the body from the outside | exogenous |
| antigens that are produced as byproduct from the cell | endogenous |
| Iatrogenic | infection after a procedure. blood borne pathogens are considered iatrogenic |
| two blood borne pathogens we are concerned for | HIV and Hep B |
| which virus infects CD4+ T cells | HIV |
| virus which Primarily affects liver, resulting in swelling, soreness, and loss of normal liver function. | Hep B |
| The absolute removal/killing of all life forms and spores | sterilization |
| forms of sterilization | heat, pressure, and UV |
| the use of practices aimed at destroying pathological organisms. This implies “freedom from infection” | asepsis |
| 4 ways to sterilize medical equipment | autoclaving, gas, gas plasma, and chemicals. |
| which type of sterilization cannot be used on cellulose items (linens) | gas plasma |
| Skin • Hair • Nasopharynx • Fomites • Air • Human error • Cross-contamination these are | sources of infection |
| Protection against infection before, during, and after surgery by using sterile techniques | surgical asepsis |
| The immersion and soaking of clean objects in a bath of germicidal solution followed by a sterile water rinse | chemical sterilization |
| why is chemical sterilization not recommended for surgical asepsis | hard to know when equipment is fully sterilized. autoclaving has specific time and pressure but chemicals is estimated. |
| what is the most used sterilization method in hospitals | autoclaving. items have to withstand heat and pressure |
| Defined as a microorganism-free area prepared for the use of sterile supplies and equipment | sterile field |
| area between patient drape and instrument table | sterile corridor |
| the height for dropping a sterile item onto a sterile field is | 6 inches above the field and at a slight angle. |
| technologist responsibilities regarding chest tubes | called to confirm placement must remain lower than chest height |
| Voiding Cystourethrograms | a catheter is inserted into the bladder, contrast is injected and the pt voids bladder to test function |
| where are thoracostomy lines inserted | between the 5th and 6th intracoastal space. lateral and midaxillary line |
| purpose of thoracostomy | Drain the intrapleural space and mediastinum • Fluid or air • Create negative pressure |
| downsides to gas sterilization and upsides. | time consuming and gasses are poisonous, must be dissipated. - can sterilize plastic, electrical, rubber that cant be autoclaved. |
| ups and downs to gas plasma sterilization | not poisonous, able to do large volumes, and is cost effective. - cant do linens |
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