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Anatomy of the skin
Chapter 3, anatomy of the skin
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid Mantle | One of the skins defense mechanisms, this is a protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water. |
| Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) | The natural, passive evaporation of water from the skin's surface into the environment. |
| Fibroblasts | Cell stimulators |
| Arrector Pili Muscle | The muscle that causes "goose bumps" or raised bumps on the skin when cold. |
| Pores | Tubelike openings for sweat glands on the epidermis. |
| Follicle | Tubelike depressions with oil glands attached to them. |
| Sudoriferous Glands | Sweat glands that excrete perspiration and prevent the body from overheating. |
| Sebaceous Glands | "oil glands" these are appendages that attach to follicles that produce sebum. |
| Sebum | An oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates the skin and hair. |
| Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) | The lowest layer of the skin, composed of connective tissue (subcutis tissue) or adipose tissue. This layer is 80% fat. Creating a protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body. |
| Subcutis Tissue | Otherwise known as adipose tissue. (fat) |
| The Dermis | " True Skin" the support layer of connective tissue located above the hypodermis. This layers supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients through a network of blood vessels and lymphatic channels. It consists of two layers, Reticular, and papillary layers |
| Collagen | Protein substance of complex fibers that give the skin strength and is necessary for wound healing. |
| Elastin | Fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue and gives skin its elasticity. |
| Reticular Layer | The denser, deeper layer of the dermis; comprised mainly of collagen and elastin. |
| Dermal Papillae | Membranes of ridges or grooves that attach to the epidermis. |
| Glycosaminoglycans | Large protein molecules and water-binding substances found between fibers of the dermis; are polysaccharides that maintain and support collagen and elastin in cellular spaces. |
| Hyaluronic Acid | A hydrating fluid essential the keep GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) functioning |
| Lymph Vessels | a network of thin tubes that collect excess fluid called lymph from tissues and return it to the bloodstream. |
| Lymphocytes | Infection fighting cells |
| Langerhans cells | Guard cells |
| Dermal/Epidermal Junction (DEJ) | Connects the dermis to the epidermis, consists of layers of connective collagen tissue with many small pockets and holes. |
| Barrier function | The skins mechanism that protects from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss. |
| Papillary Layer | the layer that Connects the Dermis to the Epidermis. |
| Epidermis | The outermost layer of the skin, composed of five layers or strata. |
| Keratinocytes | Cells composed of keratin. |
| keratin | A fiber protein providing resilience and protection. Found in all layers of the epidermis. |
| Stratum Germinativum | "the germination or growth layer"; bottom layer; basal cell layer. The active layer where stem cells undergo mitosis. |
| melanocytes | Cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer. |
| melanin | the protein that determines skin, eye, and hair color. |
| Stratum spinosum | "the spiny cells" the largest layer of the epidermis. Here cells continue to divide and enzymes create lips and proteins. Desmosomes strengthen the epidermis. |
| lamellar granules | Contain lipids to maintain the barrier function. |
| Stratum granulosum | "the grainy cells" or the granular layer; composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin. Here enzymes dissolve desmosomes holding cells together. |
| Stratum Lucidum | "The clear cells" a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells under the stratum corneum; a translucent layer made of small cells that let light pass through. Thickest on the palms of hands and feet. |
| Stratum Corneum | "the horny cells" the outermost layer of the epidermis. the esthetician works extensively with this layer. |
| Corneocyte | Hardened keratinocytes, they are water-proof protective cells. |
| Desquamation | The process of shedding keratinocytes |
| Onyx | The technical term for nail. |
| Motor nerves | Efferent nerves, Nerve fibers that convey impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or glands. They stimulate muscles. |
| Secretory Nerves | These are motor nerves attached to sweat and oil glands, which regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum output. |
| Sensory Nerves | Afferent nerves; Nerve fibers that send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, pain, pressure, and touch. |
Created by:
nbloss