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Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the epithelial tissues functions? | protect, secrete, absorb & excrete |
| What are the distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue? | Lack blood vessels, cells readily divide, are tightly packed |
| What are the cell shapes of epithelial tissue? | squamous are thin and flattened; cuboidal are cube-shaped; columnar are tall and elongated |
| What are the epithelial layer types? | Simple have 1 layer, stratified have 2 or more layers, & pseudostratified appears layered but is only one |
| What is simple squamous epithelium? | Single layer of thin, flattened cells |
| What is simple squamous good for? | Good for diffusion and filtration |
| Where is simple squamous located? | Located: walls of alveoli and capillaries, blood and lymphatic vessels |
| What is simple cuboidal epithelium? | cube-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei |
| What is simple cuboidal good for? | Good for secretion & absorption |
| Where is simple cuboidal located? | Located: lines kidney tubules, ducts of some glands, covers ovaries |
| What is simple columnar epithelium? | Single layer of tall, elongated cells |
| What is simple columnar good for? | Good for secretion & absorption, frequently have microvilli or cilia |
| Where is simple columnar located? | lining uterus, stomach, and small intestines |
| Why does pseudostratified columnar epithelium appear layered? | appears layered because nuclei are at different levels (all reach basement membrane) |
| What is pseudostratified columnar good for? | Good for protection from infection, often has cilia, goblet cells |
| Where is pseudostratified columnar located? | lines respiratory passageways |
| What is stratified squamous epithelium? | Many cell layers flattened |
| What is stratified squamous good for? | Good for protection of underlying layers |
| Where is stratified squamous located? | Located: epidermis of skin. New deeper cells in deep layers |
| What is keratinized stratified squamous? | Outer layer is keratinized |
| Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous found? | oral cavity, vagina, anal canal |
| What is stratified cuboidal epithelium? | Stratified cuboidal lines ducts of mammary, sweat & salivary glands & pancreas |
| What is stratified columnar epithelium? | Stratified columnar have several cell layers |
| Where is stratified columnar found? | Found in male urethra and linings of larger gland ducts |
| What is transitional epithelium designed to do? | Designed to distend (stretch) and return to its normal size in response to changing tension |
| Where is transitional epithelium found? | Found in the linings of the urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra |
| Endocrine glands secrete where? | Endocrine glands secrete fluid or blood into tissue fluid or blood |
| Exocrine glands secrete where? | Exocrine glands secrete by exocrine outside |
| What are the types of exocrine glands? | Merocrine glands secrete by exocytosis Some are serous, with high enzyme concentration Some are mucous, producing a thicker, protective mucus |
| What do apocrine glands do? | Apocrine lose small part of cell |
| What do holocrine glands do? | Holocrine glands release entire glands filled with product |
| What do connective tissues do? | Bind, support, protect, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infection, and help repair tissue damage |
| What are fibroblasts? | star shaped cells secrete fibers into the extracellular matrix |
| What do macrophages do? | Macrophages function as phagocytes, defend against infection and foreign particles |
| What do mast cells release? | Mast cells release heparin & histamine |
| What do fibroblasts secrete? | Fibroblasts secrete fibers into the extracellular matrix |
| What are collagen fibers? | Collagen fibers have great tensile strength & flexibility |
| Where are collagen fibers found? | Found in ligaments & tendons |
| What are elastic fibers? | composed of elastin protein — can stretch but aren’t as strong |
| Where are reticular fibers found? | Found in spleen & liver |
| What is areolar tissue? | Areolar have thin, delicate membranes |
| What is adipose tissue? | Adipose tissue contains adipocytes which stores fat in the cell cytoplasm |
| What does adipose do? | Adipose cushions internal organs |
| What is reticular tissue? | network of thin fibers to support the walls of internal organs |
| What is dense connective tissue? | dense connective tissue consists of densely packed collagen fibers |
| What is dense tissue good for? | very strong & withstands pulling but has poor blood supply; slow to heal |
| Where is dense tissue found? | tendons, ligaments, & dermis |
| What is cartilage matrix made of? | collagen in gel-like ground substance |
| What are chondrocytes? | cartilage cells in lacunae (chambers) |
| Does cartilage heal fast or slowly? | heals slowly, lacks blood supply |
| What is hyaline cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage is the most common type found on the ends of bones in joints, nose, respiratory passages, embryonic skeleton |
| Why is elastic cartilage flexible? | due to its flexible nature |
| What is fibrocartilage? | very tough and is a shock absorber in intervertebral discs, knee meniscus and pubic symphysis |
| What is bone composed of? | mineral (Ca) salts & calcium |
| What does bone do? | supports, protects structures produces blood cells in the red bone marrow |
| What does compact bone contain? | osteocytes within lacunae |
| What do osteoblasts do? | deposit matrix in lamellae |
| What do osteons form? | Osteons are cemented together to form compact bone |
| What do central canals contain? | Blood Vessels |
| What makes up the interior part of bone? | Spongy bone |
| What does spongy bone consist of? | Bong plates containing osteocytes with space for marrow |
| Blood is made up of what? | formed elements suspended in plasma |
| What do red blood cells do? | Transport gases |
| What do white blood cells do? | defend against infection |
| What do platelets do? | help in blood clotting |
| What do serous membranes secrete? | Secrete serous fluid to allow movement |
| What do mucous membranes contain? | goblet cells that produce mucus |
| What is the cutaneous membrane? | skin, keratinized |
| What does synovial membrane line? | joint cavities |
| What are the 3 types of muscle? | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| What are skeletal muscles? | long, cylindrical, multinucleated fibers |
| Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary? | voluntary |
| Are skeletal muscles striated? | striated |
| What are smooth muscles? | involuntary |
| Where are smooth muscles found? | walls of hollow organs & blood vessels |
| Where is cardiac muscle found? | wall of the heart |
| Is cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary? | involuntary |
| Is cardiac muscle striated? | striated |
| What do neurons do? | communicate using dendrites and axons |
| What supports neurons? | dendrites |
| What does the central nervous system do? | coordinate, integrate & regulate body functions |
| What is the peripheral nervous system composed of? | peripheral nerves including motoneurons, sensory neurons, sensory receptors |
Created by:
asavell