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HW CH 6D
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anorexia | lack of loss of appetite resulting in the inability to eat |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix usually caused by obstruction or infection |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity usually as a result of chronic liver disease a neoplasm or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen |
| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage through the liquid contents of the intestine |
| cachexia | physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer also called wasting syndrome |
| cholelithiasis | presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder |
| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
| crohn disease | form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract also called regional enteritis |
| dysentery | inflammation of the intestine especially the colon that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants bacteria protozoa or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea |
| flatus | gas in the GI tract expelling of air from a body office especially the anus |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus |
| halitosis | foul-smelling breath |
| hematemesis | vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus |
| hemorrhoids | swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as external or internal |
| intestinal obstruction | mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel |
| irritable bowel syndrome | symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined also called spastic colon |
| malabsorption syndrome | symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients minerals or fluids through the intestinal villi into the blood or lymph |
| melena | dark tar-like feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or the stomach |
| obesity | excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards usually an increase of 20% or above ideal body weight |
| morbid | obesity in which body mass index (BMI) is greater than 40 and generally 100 lb or more over ideal body weight |
| obstipation | severe constipation which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction |
| oral leukoplakia | formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue lips or cheek caused primarily by irritation |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pyloric stenosis | stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine |
| regurgitation | a backward flow as in the return of solid or fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon |
| gastrointestinal endoscopy | visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities including bleeding ulcerations and tumors |
| hepatitis panel | panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus--- hepatitis A (HAV) hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV)--- that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens |
| liver function test (LFT) | a group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract |
| serum bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
| stool culture | test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection |
| stool guaiac | test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces; also called hemoccult (trade name of a modified guaiac test) |
| computed tomography (CT) | imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles |
| lower gastrointestinal series | radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum; also called lower GI series or barium enema |
| oral cholecystography (OCG) | radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine usually in the form of a tablet |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce highly detailed multiplanar cross-sectional views of soft tissues |
| magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) | special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems including the liver gallbladder bile ducts pancreas and pancreatic duct |
| ultrasonography (US) | test in which high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as (echoes) to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo |
| abdominal | ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta liver gallbladder bile ducts pancreas kidneys ureters and bladders |
| endoscopic | combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissues and organs |
| upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) | radiographic images of the esophagus stomach and small intestines following oral administration of barium also called barium swallow |
| anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts vessels or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another |
| ileorectal | surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis |
| intestinal | surgical connection of two portions of the intestines |
| appendectomy | excision of diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure |
| open | excision of a diseased appendix through a 2" to 3" incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen |
| laparoscopic | minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor |
| bariatric surgery | group of procedures that treat morbid obesity a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue and the resulting health problems |
| vertical banded gastroplasty | bariatric surgery that involved vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch causing a feeling of fullness |
| Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) | bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch causing the base of the duodenum leasing from the nonfunctional portion of the stomach to form a Y confi |
| colostomy | surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms an opening (stoma) by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place |
| lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using an ultrasonic shock waves |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | use of shockwaves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts |
| paracentesis | procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a long thin needle inserted through the belly also called abdominocentesis |
| polypectomy | excision of a polyp |
| nasogastric intubation | insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas food or gastric secretions instill medication food or fluids or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis |
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