Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is metabolism? | the sum of all chemical reactions in the body. |
| What is cellular metabolism? | the chemical reactions that acquire, store, & release energy in the cells. |
| What is catabolism? | breaks down larger molecules into smaller molecules, to form ATP. |
| What is anabolism? | builds larger molecules, requires energy (ATP). |
| What do enzymes do? | control the rates of metabolic reaction. |
| What do enzymes do to activation energy? | complex proteins that catalyze specific reactions by lower the required activation energy. |
| What are enzymes classified as? | Catalysts. |
| What is the active site used for? | Combines with the substrate to create an enzyme-substrate complex. |
| Can enzymes be reused? | YES |
| How are many enzymes named? | They named after the substrate. E.g. lipase breaks down lipids. |
| What is a rate limiting enzyme? | a regulatory enzyme that controls the metabolic pathway. |
| Energy for metabolic reactions can be what? | Heat, light, etc. |
| Release of chemical energy in the cell often occurs through the oxidation of glucose in a process called what? | Cellular respiration |
| What is oxidation? | When a molecule loses electrons |
| Where is 40% of the energy released from chemical bonds stored? | In ATP molecule |
| What is the most important product that comes from glycolysis, Krebs cycle & the electron transport chain? | ATP |
| ATP is the main what? | main energy-carrying molecule in the cell. |
| What does ATP consist of? | ATP consists of adenine, ribose, & 3 phosphates |
| How do we make ATP? | During cellular respiration when glucose is broken down |
| Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytosol to release pyruvic acid and how many ATP? | 2 ATP |
| The citric acid cycle (AKA Krebs cycle) takes place where? | In the mitochondria |
| Which process produces the most ATP? | Electron transport chain. |
| How many ATP does the electron transport chain generate? | 28 ATP |
| Cellular respiration of glucose requires what? | Glucose & O₂. |
| What are the final products of cellular respiration? | Carbon dioxide water and ATP |
| What is a gene? | A gene is a portion of a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a single protein. |
| What is the genome? | Genome is the complete set of genetic instructions. |
| What is the exome? | portion of the genome that encodes proteins. |
| DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of what? | 2 chains of nucleotides. |
| What are the components of nucleotides? | 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group & a nitrogenous base. |
| What are the four nitrogen bases? | Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine. |
| What are the base pairs? | A-T, C-G. |
| DNA replication occurs during what? | Interphase |
| What does DNA polymerase do? | Builds a new DNA by adding the correct cases during replication |
| What do melanocytes produce | Melanin |
| What is the genetic code? | The instructions in DNA that tells cells how to make protein |
| What represents an amino acid? | A central carbon with an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen and R group |
| What is the copying of DNA information into a messenger RNA sequence called? | Transcription. |
| DNA nucleotides (codon) represent what? | An amino acid or signals to start or stop protein synthesis. |
| After transcription, where does mRNA go? | The mRNA moves out of the nucleus and associates with a ribosome in the cytoplasm. |
| What is translation? | The process where ribosomes reads mRNA and builds protein |
| A gene that has been transcribed and translated into a protein is said to be what? | Expressed |
Created by:
asavell