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Gr 6 SC Ch 3B
Gr 6 Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| rock | the hard material that composes the earth's crust |
| minerals | the individual substances that make up rocks |
| fossil | any trace left in rock by a plant or animal |
| gemstones | small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals in rock |
| precious stones | the rarest, most durable beautiful gems |
| ore | a rock containing a metal together with impurities |
| fossil fuel | a fuel derived from the remains of plants (or animals) |
| petroleum | "rock oil"; a liquid fossil fuel that may have been formed from the remains of once-living creatures |
| hydrocarbon | a chemical substance made primarily of hydrogen and carbon |
| cave | any hollow space in the earth's crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter |
| speleology | the scientific study of caves |
| sea cave | a cave that forms when the ocean beats upon a weak area of a cliff and erodes a hole into the rock |
| lava cave | a cave that forms when molten lava flows out from beneath a hardened surface of lava and leaves behind an underground chamber |
| solution cave | a cave that formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water |
| magnetism | the force that pulls magnets apart or pushes them together |
| magnetic field | the area surrounding a magnet in which the force of magnetism affects other objects |
| poles | the two ends of a magnet where the magnetic field seems strongest |
| electromagnet | a magnet that becomes magnetized only when it is hooked to a battery or some other source of electric current |
| magnetosphere | the region of space affected by the earth's magnetic field |
| solar wind | a stream of harmful particles that flows constantly from the surface of the sun |
| auroras | breathtaking displays of light that occur when solar wind particles collide with molecules of air in the earth's atmosphere |
| obisidian | a shiny, black rock that resembles glass |
| granite | a strong, light-colored igneous rock that contains at least three different kinds of mineral crystals; the most common igneous rock |
| sandstone | a rough, crumbly sedimentary rock which consists of particles of quartz sand that have been fused together into rock; sometimes used to make glass |
| shale | a sedimentary rock formed from mud or clay that consists of much smaller particles than sand |
| conglomerate | a sedimentary rock made of rounded pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay |
| halite | rock salt; a sedimentary rock formed from chemical sediments |
| chalk | a sedimentary rock made from cemented skeletons of microscopic sea animals |
| slate | a foliated metamorphic rock made from shale |
| marble | a metamorphic rock formed from limestone; the most widely used unfoliated rock; makes beautiful statues and monuments |
| extrusive igneous rock | type of igneous rock which is formed at the earth's surface, usually as a result of magma forced out of a volcano; has a fine-grained appearance |
| intrusive igneous rock | type of igneous rock which is formed when magma remains in pockets below the surface and slowly cools and hardens while still underground; has a coarse-grained appearance |
| mechanical sediments | sediments formed when rocks are broken down and carried away by the physical "mechanisms" of nature such as wind, running water, or ice |
| chemical sediments | sediments formed when minerals in a rock are dissolved by water and carried elsewhere, where they may later crystallize or settle out of the solution |
| organic sediments | sediments formed from dead plants, shells or animal skeletons |
| foliated rocks | metamorphic rocks made up of layers like the leaves (pages of a book) |
| unfoliated rocks | metamorphic rock that are not made up of thin layers |
| igneous rock | a rock that forms when molten rock solidifies either above or below ground |
| sedimentary rock | rock that is formed from sediments that have been pressed together into rock |
| limestone | the most common type of organic sedimentary rock, made from calcium carbonate |
| coal | a useful fuel, commonly found in sedimentary rock, that comes from decayed plants and is used for heating, industrial purposes, and generating electricity |
| metamorphic rock | a rock produced by metamorphism of an igneous or sedimentary rock |
| diamond | a hard, crystalline form of carbon that is the hardest of all known minerals |
| iron | a practical metal that is strong and abundantly available; the most commonly used metal |
| copper | the reddish-orange metal that covers a penny and is a good conductor of electricity |
| anthracite coal | a hard, shiny, black coal that is the most expensive to mine |
| bituminous coal | the most common type of coal, also called soft coal, is widely used by industry and used to produce electricity in power plants |
| sub-bituminous coal | the second most common type of coal; softer and more crumbly that bituminous coal and widely used for generating electricity |
| lignite coal | the type of coal of the poorest quality; also called brown coal |
| trogloxene | an animal that visits caves regularly but must return to the surface to find food; means "cave guest" |
| troglophile | an animal that can live its entire life either in a cave or above ground and can go from one place to the other; means "cave lover" |
| troglobite | an animal that cannot survive above ground; means "cave dweller" |
| sedimentary rock | type of rock which covers over 75% of the earth's surface |
| reef limestone | sedimentary rock which is the only stone formed by living animals |
Created by:
timberswartz05