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kemi ht25

QuestionAnswer
Koncentrerad syra/bas Har mycket syra/bas per liter vatten
Starka syror Saltsyra (hcl) svavelsyra (H2SO4) och salpetersyra (HNO3)
Starka baser Natriumhydroxid NaOH och Kaliumhydroxid KOH
Neutralisering När en syra och en bas tar ut varandra och bildar salt samt vatten: ex HCl i vatten -> H+, Cl- +ammoniak NH3 ->NH4Cl + H2O
Buffert Stabiliserar/motverkar förändrignar i pH-värde, ex om man lägger i en syra reagerar den som en bas(kan va båda) ökar-->bas, minskar-->syra. Ex vårt blod 7,4
Försurning När naturen är surare än den ska va, ofta surt regn. När vi förbränner (ex kväveoxid) blandas oxiden med kvävet i luften och bildar kväveoxider som saltpetersyra och svavelsyra. stiger upp och löser med regnvatten. skadar skogar, sjöar (fisk dö)
Lösningar på försurning Kalka: kalk är basikt och neutraliserar. Rening: minska utsläpp från fabriker och bildar (katalysator på bil)
Syror och baser i hem och hushåll syra: mat som citronsyra i godis, ättiksyra smaksätta matvaror. Askorbinsyra (v-c), magsyra (saltsyra) mjölksyra i fil, muskler. Bas: natriumhydroxid-tvål, ammoniak-rengöringsmedel, bikarbonat skapa gaser ->reagera. bas städa smuts syra
Syror och baser inom industrin syra: svavelsyra-världens mest använda- papper, metall, bilbatteri,gödsel. salpetersyra-gödsel, spräng. saltsyra-betning, rengöra metall oxider bas: natriumhydroxid pappersindustri, kalciumhydroxid rena rök, cement. ibland tillsätta bas rena vatten
svaga baser natriumbikarbonat, kaliumhydroxid
svaga syror kolsyra, ättik,mjälksyra
Created by: e110201
 

 



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