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Bio 101 Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which type of cancer has a capsule of connective tissue surrounding it, preventing cells from detaching from the Tumor? | Benign |
| An Alternate Version of a gene is known as : | Allele |
| Which of the following blood types is the "universal recipient" in that a person with this blood type can safely receive blood from all other blood types? | Type AB |
| Based on our knowledge of DNA and RNA, which of the following is NOT a logical triplet of nucleotides and could not ordinarily be found? | UTC |
| A Trait such as human skin color, with all its graduations of colors, is most likely genetically controlled by: | A Series of genes |
| if a pair of brown colored animals have 3 brown offsprings and 5 black offsprings, Which of the following if most likely the dominate allele | Brown |
| the current COVID vaccines produced by moderna and pfizer consist of | mRNA |
| Based on your reading from Section 8.1 in your textbook, why is ricin so toxic? | It inactivates Ribosomes |
| A sickle cell anemia is the result of | A base pair substitution replacing an adenine with thymine |
| Translation results in cell's genetic information being used to manufacture appropriate: | Proteins |
| For humans, unfertilized egg cells contain: | an X Chromosome |
| When a single cell divides into 2 cells by mitosis, the two cells are | all of the above (identical to eachother, initially smaller than the mother cell, each found to have their own nucleus.) |
| Why is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction? | to reduce the chromosome number by one half in the gametes |
| if a cell undergoes meiosis, how many of the resulting cells are likely to be identical | None |
| fraternal twins of humans are ALWAYS the same sex | This is a false statement |
| What is DNA | DNA is "the Book of Life" |
| What is a chromosome made up of? | DNA |
| What is a Gene | a portion of a chromosome that codes for a trait |
| How does DNA work | Copy only the small portion of DNA that can carry out job (a gene) and bring it to th ribosome so it can make specific proteins that serve as enzymes. Make proteins to encourage the speed of chemical reactions. |
| If you had to explain DNA in a diagram? | the part of the DNA, the square where you copied the gene unzips and you copy only the part of the DNA you need to copy. After done copying, it closes back up. |
| What shape does DNA have | Double Helix |
| What shape does RNA have | single strand |
| Does DNA have a huge or small molecule | Huge Molecule |
| What letter does DNA have that RNA doesnt | whenever a "T" would appear in DNA, a "u" would appear in its place in RNA |
| What causes Sickle Cell Anemia | one nucleotide substitution in the RNA results in this serious medical condition. Codon GAG (glutamic) is replaced by Codon GUG (valine) |
| What does R.I.P stand for? | Ribosome Inactivating Proteins |
| What is Ricin? | A Deadly poison // Biological weapon |
| Where is Ricin found ? | in Castor bean plants |
| Does Ricin have an antidote? | NO ANTITODE |
| what is a codon? | a triplet of nucleotides |
| What does the mRNA in an mRNA vaccine do? | it directs the ribosome to make proteins |
| Order of the steps for mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase |
| Abnormal chromosome # ? | not good |
| What is Interphase | where the cloning happens |
| Whats the difference between mitosis in animals and plants? | in animals, a clevege furrow (8) is formed but in plants, a cell plate (square) is formed. |
| What is the only purpose of meiosis? | reduction division |
| What is Benign | out of controlled growth |
| what is Melignant | some cells stick together and some leave |
| What is a diploid chromosome # | full chromosome #, can be abbreviated as (2N) |
| What is Haploid Chromosome # | half the diploid #, can be abbreviated to (N) |
| What is Mitosis? | one diploid cell divides to form 2 identical "daughter cells" (clones) |
| What is Meiosis | one diploid cell undergoes division to yield 4 non-identical haploid cells |
| Why is meiosis impoortant | this reduction divison is important so that the resulting sperm or egg cells have only half the chromosomes |
| What is one thing that happens in Mitosis that doesn't occur in meiosis? | the S phase (duplication) |
| Why are the resulting cells for meiosis non-identical? | Crossing over, independent assortment, non disjunction |
| what is crossing over and is it normal | during the process of meiosis, chromosomes RANDOMLY exchange pieces, it is Normal |
| What is independent assortment and is it normal? | each gene contributes to the offspring, many combination. Yes it is normal |
| What is Non-Disjunction and is it normal? | occurs during anaphase when the when the chromatids separate but one side has more that the other. |
| who determines the sex of the child | father |
| what are polar bodys | chromosomes that lack cytoplasm |
| What are some influences of multiple births | genetic components, age of mom, fertility treatments |
| what is genetics | the law and process that govern the inheritances of biological properties from 1 generation to another |
| Who is Gregor Mendel | The Father of Genetics |
| What are Genes | "packages of information" for traits . each parent contributes a package |
| What are dominant alleles | the gene that will suppress the recessive allele. What is Expressed |
| What is a Punnett Square | an organized way to predict future generations. |
| What is a gene | area of the chromosome coding for a trait |
| what is a allele | a version of a gene |
| what is a dominant allele | expresses itself |
| what is a recessive allele | can be shut off by dominant |
| what is true breeding | same alleles (BB) |
| what is a hybrid (breeding) | mixed allele (Bb) |
| What is a phenotype | what you see if expressed. |
| what is a genotype | actual genetic makeup (listing of alleles) |
| Homozygous (Same) | genetic makeup represented by same alleles (BB) |
| Heterozygous (diff) | genetic makeup represented by different alleles (Bb) |
| What is Monohybrid Crosses | only 1 trait is being considered |
| what is Dihybrid Crosses | two traits being considered |
| Phenotype for Blood Type O | ii |
| Phenotype for Blood Type A | (I^a I^a) or (I^a i) |
| Phenotype for Blood Type B | (I^b I^b) or (I^B i) |
| Phenotype for Blood Type AB | I^a I^b |
| Antigens Produced in Blood Type O | no antigen |
| Antigens Produced in Blood Type A | A antigen |
| Antigens Produced in Blood Type B | B Antigen |
| Antigens Produced in Blood Type AB | AB Antigen |
| What is Codominance | both dominants express themselves |
| Can a recipient recieve blood from another individual if they have antigens that the recipients does not have? | NO |
| What type of antigens can you get safely | your type or Type O Antigen |
| Who is the Universal Donor | Type O |
| Who is the Universal Reciever | Type AB |
| What can AB give and receive from | AB can give to A and B, Receive from A,B,O |
| Who can A give and receive from | A can give to AB and A, receive from A and O |
| Who can B give and receive from | B can give to AB and receive from B and O |
| Who can O give and receive from | O can give to A,B,AB and receive from O |
| Can the Environment influence the expression of a genotype? | YES |
| Genotype + Environment = ? | Phenotype |
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