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HIV and COVID

QuestionAnswer
What cells do HIV tend to infect? T helper cells
what does reverse transcriptase do? reads RNA, makes complementary DNA which can then enter the cell
What protein contains the RNA genome? capsid (p24)
1 step of HIV cycle gp120 protein on HIV needs to bind to two receptors: first CD4 on the surface of T helper cells, then to one of two receptors, which allows membranes to fuse
2 step HIV two membranes fuse, capsid enters cell with 3 viral enzymes
3 step of HIV Capsid rides along microtubules towards nucleus, viral DNA formed by reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase)
4 step of HIV Viral DNA transported across nucleus and integrates into host DNA. Integrase integrates viral genome into host nuclear genome
5 step of HIV viral genes transcribed, exits nucleus, goes to ribosome for translation
6 step HIV newly formed viral RNA and proteins move to cell surface
7 step HIV Protease cuts large polyprotein into individual proteins, assembles mature virus
How to treat HIV (one way) using a competitive inhibitor (fusion inhibitors, viral enzyme inhibitors)
How to treat HIV (second way) combine 3 drugs at the same time, difficult for HIV to evolve resistant, take daily (HAART)
Cure strategies (one way) shock and kill: wake up latent reservoir, shocking them so they start viral production and they can be targeted and killed off
cure strategies (second way) CRISPR- T cells can be edited to be genetically resistant to HIV
COVID life cycle step 1 spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptor in upper respiratory tract
2 different ways of fusion **depends on when the membranes fuse 1) spike protein must change structure so membranes can fuse 2) if spike protein doesn't change shape immediately, virus engulfed by membrane
translation 1 make proteins required for transforming the ER and making RNA (proteases)
Life cycle step 3 transform ER and make the RNA; viral RNA and mRNA produced
Translation 2 structural proteins made at ER
final step COVID viron assembly and release
Created by: madalynes
 

 



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