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RAD110 - CHAPTER 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sthenic | average build |
| hyposthenic | moderate, slender build |
| asthenic (extreme) | slender, thin build with narrow frame |
| hypersthenic (extreme) | broad, massive build |
| Bone functions | attachment for muscles, mechanical basis for movement, protection of internal organs, support frame for body, storage for calcium/phosphorus/salts. production of red/white blood cells |
| axial skeleton | supports and protects head and trunk |
| appendicular skeleton | provides means for movement |
| compact bone | strong, dense, outer layer |
| spongy bone | inner, dense layer, contains spiculated network called trabeculae |
| trabeculae | filled with red+yellow marrow |
| red marrow produces... | red and white blood cells |
| yellow marrow stores... | fat cells |
| medullary cavity | central cavity of long bones, contains trabeculae filled with yellow marrow |
| red marrow found in... | end of long bones |
| periosteum | tough, fibrous tissue that covers bone, except at articular ends |
| endosteum | lines marrow cavity |
| intramembraneous ossification | forms flat bones |
| endochondral ossification | forms short, irregular, and long bones |
| primary ossification (re: endochondral) | begins before birth and forms long central shaft in long bones |
| secondary ossification (re: endochondral) | occurs after birthday when separate bones begin to develop at both ends of long bones, the ends are called epiphys |
| long bone classification | found only in limbs, consist of body and two articular ends (ex: femus, humerus) |
| short bone classification | consist mainly of cancellous bone w/ thin outer layer of compact bone |
| flat bone classification | consist of two plates and compact bones, ex: sternum, cranium |
| irregular bone classification | peculiarly shaped, ex: verterbrae and facial bones |
| sesamoid bone classifcation | very small, oval, develop inside+beside tendons, protect tendons from excess wear, largest is patella |
| synarthroses | immovable joint |
| ampiarthroses | slightly moveable joint |
| diarthroses | freely moveable joint |
| fibrous joint classification | do not have a cavity, united by fibrous tissue and connective ligaments |
| cartilaginous joint classification | do not have joint cavity, virtually immovable |
| synovial joint classification | permit wide range of motion, freely movable |
| gliding joint (re: synovial) | simplest synovial joint, ex: intercarpal, intertarsal |
| hinge (re: synovial) | permits flexion and extension only, ex: elbow and knee |
| pivot (re: synovial) | allows rotation around a single axis |
| ellipsoid (re: synovial) | allows flexion, extension, abduction, circumduction (ex: wrist) |
| saddle (re: synovial) | similar to ellipsoid, difference is slope of articular surfaces |
| ball and socket | permits wide range of motion, ex: hip and shoulder |
| projection | the path of the CR as it exits the x ray tube passing through the patient to the IR, identified by entrance and exit points of body |
| view | used to describe the body part as seen by the IR, exact opposite of projection |
| AP projection | CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior |
| PA projection | CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior |
| Lateral projection | CR enters one side of body, passing transversely along coronal plane |
| oblique projection | CR enters from side angle |
| axial projection | longitudinal angle of CR is 10 degrees or more |
| tangential projection | CR directed along outer margin of curved surface |
| recumbent position | lying down in any position |
| trendenburg position | supine with head lower than feet |
| fowler position | supine with head elevated |
| Sims' position | recumbent with patient laying on left anterior side with leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed |
| lithotomy position | supine with knees and hips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported with ankle supports |
| lateral position | named according to side of the patient that is placed closer to IR |
| oblique postion | body is rotated so the coronal plane is not parallel w/ the table or IR, named according to the side and surface of body closer to table or IR |
| decubitis | recumbent position with horizontal CR |
| lordotic position | upright position in which patient is leaning backward |
| evert | outward turning of foot at ankle |
| pronate | rotate forearm so palm is down |
| supinate | rotate forearm so palm is up |
| circumduction | circular movement of a limb |
Created by:
user-1998695