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bio120- exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecosystem ecology | It studies how organisms interact with each other and with the environment through energy flow and nutrient cycles. |
| reciprocal altruism | the act of helping others in hopes that they will help us in the future |
| population ecology | the study of factors that cause populations to increase or decrease |
| community ecology | the study of how interactions between species affect community structure and organization |
| altruism | an individual helping someone at a cost to itself w/ no benefit |
| proximate cause | explains how a behavior happens - the immediate biological or environmental triggers |
| ultimate cause | explains why a behavior evolved - the evolutionary reason it exists |
| piloting | a type of navigation in which animals use familiar landmarks to find their way |
| compass navigation | Animal determines its orientation using an environmental cue such as the position of sun and stars, polarized light, or Earth's magnetic field |
| true navigation | the type of navigation by which an animal can reach a specific point on earth's surface |
| intraspecific competition | competition between members of the same species |
| interspecific competition | competition between members of different species |
| logistic growth model | a growth model that describes a population whose growth is initially exponential, but slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment |
| ecological species concept | defines a species by its ecological role - meaning the unique niche it occupies in the environment |
| reciprocal altruism | the act of helping others in hopes that they will help us in the future |
| population ecology | the study of factors that cause populations to increase or decrease |
| community ecology | the study of how interactions between species affect community structure and organization |
| altruism | an individual helping someone at a cost to itself w/ no benefit |
| proximate cause | explains how a behavior happens - the immediate biological or environmental triggers |
| ultimate cause | explains why a behavior evolved - the evolutionary reason it exists |
| piloting | a type of navigation in which animals use familiar landmarks to find their way |
| compass navigation | Animal determines its orientation using an environmental cue such as the position of sun and stars, polarized light, or Earth's magnetic field |
| true navigation | the type of navigation by which an animal can reach a specific point on earth's surface |
| intraspecific competition | competition between members of the same species |
| interspecific competition | competition between members of different species |
| logistic growth model | a growth model that describes a population whose growth is initially exponential, but slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment |
| kin selection | natural selection that favors behaviors that help relatives, because relatives share your genes |
| sexual selection | natural selection based on traits that help an organism get mates |
| artificial selection | humans choose which organisms get to reproduce based on desired traits |
| Hamiltons rule | an organism will help a relative if the genetic benefits of helping are bigger than the cost to itself |
| organismal ecology | studies how an organism's structure, physiology, and behavior meet environmental challenges |
| morphospecies concept | members of the same species usually look alike; have a common ancestor |
| biological species concept | species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to produce fertile offspring |
| phylogenetic species concept | a definition of species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life |
| allopatric | the formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another |
| sympatric | the formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area |
| primary succession | begins with little or no soil and soil microbe community -> "from bedrock" (start over from nothing) |
| secondary succession | begins with soil, and in some cases, some organisms "soil leftover" (able to start over; partway built) |
| mechanical isolation | morphological differences can prevent successful mating |
| temporal isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at the same time |
| behavioral isolation | isolation between populations due to differences in courtship or mating behavior |
| geographical isolation | isolation between populations due to physical barriers |
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