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Stack #4574481
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an electron? | A negatively charged particle that can move between atoms. |
| What is a proton? | A positively charged particle fixed in the nucleus. |
| What is a neutron? | A particle with no charge, fixed in the nucleus. |
| What is electric charge? | A property of matter that can be positive (+) or negative (–). |
| State the law of attraction. | Opposite charges attract. |
| State the law of repulsion. | Like charges repel. |
| What is the electrostatic series? | A list ranking materials by tendency to gain or lose electrons. |
| What is a conductor? | Material that allows electrons to flow easily (e.g., metals). Hard to maintain a lasting charge. |
| What is an insulator? | Material that resists electron flow (e.g., plastic, wood, glass). Can hold a lasting charge. |
| What is charging by friction? | Electrons move between two neutral insulators when rubbed together. Example: Balloon rubbed on sweater → Balloon – / Sweater +. |
| What is charging by conduction? | Electrons flow from a charged object to a neutral conductor upon contact. |
| What is polarization? | Electrons in a neutral object shift temporarily when a charged object is nearby. Example: Neutral object near – rod → near side +, far side –. |
| What is grounding? | Extra electrons escape from an object to the Earth, neutralizing it. |
| What is electric discharge? | Release of excess electrons from a charged object. |
| What is static electricity? | Buildup of electric charge on the surface of an object. |
| What is an electric field? | Region around a charged object where forces can be detected. |
| Friction diagram | e– jump → + / – |
| Conduction diagram | e– flow → redistribute charge |
| Polarization diagram | e– shift inside neutral object → temporary + / – |
| Grounding diagram | e– escape → Earth |
| What is a turbine? | A wheel that spins using energy from wind, water, thermal, etc. |
| What is a generator? | Converts rotational energy into electrical energy using magnets & coils. |
| What is alternating current (AC)? | Electric current where electrons move back & forth. |
| What is direct current (DC)? | Electric current where electrons flow in one direction. |
| How does wind energy generate electricity? | Air spins turbine → generator → AC |
| How does hydro energy generate electricity? | Moving water spins turbine → generator → AC |
| How does tidal energy generate electricity? | Ocean tides move turbines → generator → AC |
| How does thermal energy generate electricity? | Heat → steam → turbine → generator |
| How does nuclear energy generate electricity? | Atom splits → energy → turbine → generator |
| How do fossil fuels generate electricity? | Heat from fuel → turbine → generator |
| How does solar thermal energy generate electricity? | Sun heats fluid → turbine → generator |
| What is kinetic energy? | Energy of motion. |
| What is gravitational potential energy? | Energy stored due to an object’s height. |
| What is chemical energy? | Energy stored in bonds between atoms. |
| What is thermal energy? | Energy of moving particles; heat. |
| What is electric energy? | Energy from moving charged particles. |
| What is nuclear energy? | Energy from splitting or joining atoms. |
| What is light energy? | Energy from visible electromagnetic waves. |
| What is sound energy? | Energy from vibrating matter or air molecules. |
| What is energy conversion? | Changing energy from one form to another. |
| What is energy storage? | Methods or devices that store energy for later use (e.g., batteries). |
| What is energy efficiency? | Useful energy output ÷ total energy input. |
| What is energy demand/consumption? | Rate at which energy is used over time. |
| What is renewable energy? | Energy from naturally replenished sources (wind, solar, hydro, tidal, geothermal, bioenergy). |
| What is non-renewable energy? | Energy from finite sources (fossil fuels, nuclear). |
| What is sustainable energy? | Energy that can be maintained without depleting resources. |
| Pros & cons of wind energy | Pro: Cheap, easy to install Con: Affects birds, needs wind |
| Pros & cons of solar energy | Pro: Can operate independently Con: 30% efficient, costly, some pollution |
| Pros & cons of hydro dams | Pro: No air/water pollution Con: Changes water flow, disrupts fish, limited locations |
| Pros & cons of tidal energy | Pro: Renewable, predictable Con: Affects marine life, coastal only |
| Pros & cons of fossil fuels | Pro: High energy output Con: CO₂, climate change, finite |
| Pros & cons of nuclear energy | Pro: High energy, low greenhouse gases Con: Radioactive waste, hazard |
| What is charging by conduction (general)? | | Transfer of electrons when two objects come into contact; at least one must be a conductor. Electrons move to balance charge but neither object becomes neutral. |
| Charging by conduction between two conductors | | Electrons move from the conductor with more electrons to the one with fewer electrons until charges are more evenly distributed. |
| Charging by conduction between a conductor and an insulator | | Electrons move from the conductor to the insulator if possible, causing the insulator to become charged locally; the conductor loses electrons and becomes positively charged. |
Created by:
user-2004858