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Cell organelle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell theory | All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure & function All cells come from pre-existing cells |
| 1655 – Robert Hooke | coins the term “cell” after viewing cork under an early microscope |
| 1674 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek | observes the first living cells under a microscope |
| 1838 – Matthias Schleiden | determines that all plant tissues are made of cells |
| 1839 – Theodor Schwann | determines that all animal tissues are made of cells |
| 1855 – Rudolf Virchow | asserts that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell |
| Prokaryotes | cell that does not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles |
| Eukaryotes | cell that does have a defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles |
| plant vs animal cells | Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not. |
| Nucleus | control center of cell; contains |
| DNA | enclosed by a nuclear membrane with pores; only in eukaryotes |
| Ribosomes | site of protein synthesis some are free-floating, some are attached to rough ER |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | “highway” of cell; provides path for other substances to travel along; may be smooth (w/o ribosomes) or rough (w/ ribosomes) |
| Golgi Apparatus | “post office” of cell; modifies and packages protein & lipids before they are sent out of the cell |
| Mitochondria | “powerhouse” of cell; converts food energy into chemical energy (ATP); has a double membrane and its own DNA (which can be considered evidence of endosymbiosis) |
| Lysosomes | enzyme-filled sacs that digest cellular wastes |
| Chloroplast | site of photosynthesis; converts solar/light energy into sugar (glucose); found in plant cells, some bacteria, and some protists; has a double membrane and its own DNA (which can be considered evidence of endosymbiosis) |
| Vacuoles | storage tank; primarily for water but also holds some minerals and other dissolved solids; plant cells have one large central vacuole while animal cells multiple, smaller vacuoles |
| cytoplasm | 1. The jelly-like fluid that contains all of the organelles in a cell. |
| cell wall | 12. This is the outer layer of a plant cell which provides support and protection for the cell. |
| cell membrane | 6. This is the outer layer of the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell. |
| Nucleolus | 15. This is located in the nucleus and is responsible for making ribosomes. |
| Peroxisomes | 14. Organelles that contain enzymes to detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals. |
| Cytoskeleton | 10. This provides the internal structural framework for the cell and holds all of the organelles in the cytoplasm. |
| centrioles | 9. Organelles found in animal cells that occur in pairs and are important for cell division. |
| Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? | regulates which materials enter and leave the cell |
| The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of? | proteins |
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