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chapter 19 micro

QuestionAnswer
Specificity Each lymphocyte targets one antigen.
Memory Faster response on re-exposure.
Clonality Activated cells clone themselves.
Tolerance Immune system not reacting to self.
B cell maturation site Bone marrow.
T cell maturation site Thymus.
Clonal deletion Destruction of self-reactive lymphocytes.
MHC I presents to CD8 cytotoxic T cells.
MHC II presents to CD4 helper T cells.
Cells with MHC II APCs (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells).
Helper T cell function Activate B cells and macrophages.
Cytotoxic T cell function Kill infected cells.
Regulatory T cell function Suppress immune responses.
Gamma-delta T cells Fast responders to PAMPs.
NK cells Kill without MHC recognition.
NKT cells Hybrid killer cells that release cytokines quickly.
T-dependent activation Requires CD4 help; strong and makes memory.
T-independent activation No T cell help; weak and no memory.
Plasma cell Antibody-secreting B cell.
Memory B cell Long-term protection.
Fab region Antigen-binding site.
Fc region Determines antibody function.
Variable region Provides antigen specificity.
Constant region Determines isotype class.
Hinge region Provides flexibility.
J chain Allows polymer formation in IgA and IgM.
IgM First antibody produced; pentamer; fixes complement.
IgG Most abundant; crosses placenta; strong opsonin.
IgA Mucosal immunity; found in secretions.
IgE Allergies and parasitic worms.
IgD B cell receptor.
Neutralization Blocks pathogen binding.
Opsonization Tags microbes for phagocytosis.
Complement activation Antibody triggers MAC formation.
Primary response Slow; IgM first; low titer.
Secondary response Fast; IgG dominant; high titer.
Natural active immunity Infection.
Natural passive immunity Breast milk or placenta.
Artificial active immunity Vaccination.
Artificial passive immunity Antiserum or immunoglobulin injection.
Purpose of vaccines Create memory without disease.
Adjuvant Substance that increases vaccine effectiveness.
Common adjuvant Alum (aluminum salts).
Live attenuated vaccine Weak but living microbe.
Inactivated vaccine Killed pathogen.
Subunit vaccine Uses antigenic molecules only.
Conjugate vaccine Polysaccharide linked to protein.
Created by: user-1996379
 

 



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