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Chapter 18 Mircro

QuestionAnswer
First line of defense Physical and chemical barriers blocking entry.
Second line of defense Innate immune cells, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins.
Third line of defense Adaptive, specific immunity involving B and T cells.
Immunology Study of second and third line defenses.
Immune system function 1 Surveillance.
Immune system function 2 Recognition of self vs non-self.
Immune system function 3 Destruction of foreign material.
PAMPs Shared microbial patterns like LPS or peptidoglycan.
PRRs Host receptors that bind PAMPs.
Result of PRR-PAMP binding Rapid innate immune activation.
Lymphatic system function 1 Returns fluid to bloodstream.
Lymphatic system function 2 Immune surveillance.
Lymphatic system function 3 Provides sites for immune activation.
Lymph Plasma-like fluid containing WBCs and debris.
Bone marrow Site of blood cell production and B cell maturation.
Thymus T cell maturation.
Lymph nodes Filter lymph and activate immune cells.
Spleen Filters blood and removes old RBCs.
MALT/GALT/SALT Mucosal and skin immune tissues.
Hematopoiesis Formation of all blood cells.
Cytokines Immune signaling molecules that regulate inflammation and immunity.
Stratum corneum function Waterproof layer that sheds microbes.
Lysozyme Enzyme in tears/saliva that breaks peptidoglycan.
Ciliary escalator Moves mucus upward out of respiratory tract.
Microbiome Competes with pathogens for nutrients/space.
HCl in stomach Kills microbes.
Sweat Flushes microbes off skin.
Neutrophils First responders; form pus.
Monocytes Precursor cells that become macrophages.
Macrophages Large phagocytes performing antigen presentation.
Dendritic cells Best antigen-presenting cells.
Step 1 of phagocytosis Chemotaxis.
Step 2 of phagocytosis Adherence.
Step 3 of phagocytosis Ingestion.
Step 4 of phagocytosis Phagolysosome formation.
Step 5 of phagocytosis Killing/digestion.
Step 6 of phagocytosis Exocytosis.
Four signs of inflammation Redness, heat, swelling, pain.
Purpose of inflammation Contain infection and start repair.
Diapedesis WBCs squeezing out of blood vessels.
Chemotaxis Movement of WBCs toward chemical signals.
Pyrogen definition Substance that resets hypothalamic thermostat.
Endogenous pyrogen example IL-1 or TNF.
Fever benefit 1 Slows pathogen growth.
Fever benefit 2 Increases immune efficiency.
Interferon function Inhibits viral replication.
Complement function Forms MAC pores to kill microbes.
AMPs function Create pores in bacterial membranes.
Created by: user-1996379
 

 



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