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Mendelian Genetics

Biology Honors Unit 6

TermDefinition
Genetics the scientific study of heredity (delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring), genetics allows us to understand what makes each individual organism unique
Gregor Mendel an Austrian monk who founded the modern science of genetics by studying pea plants in the late 1800s, known as the father of genetics
Pollination fertilization of female plant organs (eggs) by male plant organs (pollen)
Cross Pollination sperm and egg from different flowers create a seed
Self Pollination sperm and egg from the same flower create a seed, produces offspring identical to self
Trait a specific characteristic of an individual
Hybrid offspring of crosses between parents with different traits (yellow/green seeds
Genes the factors that are passed from parent to offspring
Alleles different forms of the same gene
Dominant the allele that is expressed
Recessive the allele that is not expressed unless the dominant allele is not present
Gametes egg cells and sperm cells
Homozygous an organism that receives two identical alleles (one from each parent)
Heterozygous an organism that has two different alleles for the same gene
Phenotype the trait that is expressed, or physically shown
Genotype the actual genetic make-up
Segregation the separation of alleles during gamete formation (meiosis)
Independent Assortment genes for different traits can segregate independently of each other during the formation of gametes, which accounts for genetic variations observed in living organisms with the same parents
Created by: user-1960358
 

 



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