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History
Mastery test history Mesopotamia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Mesopotamia mean? | A plane that lies between two great rivers |
| What are the two main rivers Mesopotamia? | Tigers and Euphrates |
| Why was Mesopotamia a good location for the growth of civilization? | As it's name suggests the fertile crescent, soil is rich and fertile some of the most productive land in the region is Mesopotamia this rich soil allowed Sumerian farmers to grow as many grains and vegetables. |
| What is irrigation? What positive things came from the invention of irrigation? | Irrigate means a supply of wate Benefits Prevented floodsPlants could get water during hot, dry summerInsured a stable food supply Gave them a stable place to liveIrrigation is a very helpful invention that allowed them to move away from rivers. |
| Discuss positive and negative effects of flooding. How did Mesopotamian people control flooding? | Positive: swould spread flood, waters, and soil across the plane when the floods ended, they leave behind a perfect earth for growing crops Negative: could destroyed villages and wash away crops They dealt with it by using Irrigate |
| What is silt? | A type of fine grain soil with particles between sand and clay that is a value for its high fertile and ability to retain water. |
| What were the three first Sumerian cities called? Where were these cities located? | Ur, lagash, and nippur were the first cities and they were located on mesopotamia |
| What is a city state? | Is an an independent state that includes a city and its surrounding territory |
| How were ziggurats and polytheism related in Sumerian civilization? | Polytheism: Sumerians believed these gods controlled every aspect of life, including rain, wind, and other elements of nature Ziggurrats: they were large temples in Sumerian cities Pyramid-shaped brick towers |
| What is a social hierarchy? name the seven social classes in Mesopotamia with the most powerful at the top and the I | Social hierarchy is a social order of three classes. On the top was the ruling family after that were the leading officials and the high priests, after that were the priests, scribes, merchants, artisans, after that was the peasant and slaves. |
| What did the kings and priests do to manipulate the people? | The priests would tell the people that the gods chose the king to be king and in return the king would make sure the priests were respected and have all the rights |
| What were the roles of men and women in Sumerian society? | The women stayed at home taking care of the house and the children, and the men worked. Man generally had a higher social class than woman |
| What was perhaps the most important Sumerian invention? | Cuneiform |
| What is cuneiform? | Is a system of writing that uses triangular shaped symbol symbols to stand for words, ideas or sounds. |
| Why is writing important? Name at least two ways Sumerians used writing in their Lives | They could keep track of traded materials, amount of food, this month’s profit, how much food was offered to the gods, etc… |
| What is a scribe who can become a scribe | Only men could become a scribe and rarely a woman. |
| What is an epic? What is the world’s oldest known epic? | A poem of a hero or god, The Epic of Gilgamesh |
| Name three Sumerian inventions (other than the writing and the wheel) and the purpose of these inventions. | Sails and the plow Sails: they used the sales on their boats, so the winds could move the boat Plow: the plow cut a long furrowed or trench in the soil. |
| Where is the Fertile Crescent located? | Middle east |
| What is an empire? | Is a state containing several countries or territories |
| Who was Sargon and how did he come to power? | Sargon was a king of a Sumerian city state of kish He changed the language the government used to Akkadian, and he was an Akkadian man |
| How did Hammurabi Created the Babylonian empire? | He solidified his power and build up his army he sent his own governor's tax collectors and judges to rule, distant cities he spread out his well trained troops over the empire |
| What was Hammurabi’s ruling philosophy (how he believed a country should be ruled)? What did he think about crimes and their punishments? | The code was to create common rules for the diverse people of He had laws for crimes such as murder and robbery. One example of a law is if a man put out an eye of another man, his eyes shall be put out. |
| What were Hammurabi’s Codes? How did they protect the less powerful? | A set of laws. By creating a penalty for harming someone in a lower grade. |
| Why did Hammurabi have his Codes carved into stone and placed in important locations around Babylon? | To make sure everyone knew that they must obey the law |
| Why did the Assyrians have a superior military? What kind of soldiers made up the Assyrian army? | Cavalry soldiers who fight riding they used iron weapons, which were stronger than bronze ones. |
| What is tribute? | Is payment made to show loyalty to a stronger power |
| Why did people often surrender to the Assyrians without a fight? | |
| What were some positive and negative the Assyrians did while were in power | |
| What did Ashurbanipal build? Where was it located? | |
| How were the Assyrians overthrown? Which people overthrew them and who was their leader? | |
| What important things did Nebuchadnezzar do while he was king? | He expanded his power as far as Egypt He captured Jerusalem The hanging gardens |
| Name a modern day epic. | Star wars |
| What is Zoroastrianism? | Is a central belief is that the universe is in a state of struggle between the forces of good and evil |
| What things did Cyrus do that made the people like him? | Cyrus treated the Babylonians snd other conquered people well letting them keep their own customs and religions instead of forcing them to develop Persian wasys and allowed Jewish people to return to jerusalem |
| What mistake did Cambyses make that cost him the empire? | Cambyses Marched his army through the desert with little food or supplies. Many of Persians died of starvation |
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