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World Studies Honors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gunpowder Empire Definition | Empire with gunpowder |
| Gunpowder Empire Contribution to Centralization | using gunpowder as a state monopoly, allowing rulers to build powerful, centralized armies and suppress local rebellions. They could conquer regions that don't have gunpowder |
| "L'etat, c'est moi" Definition | A quote by Louis the XIV, the king of France |
| "L'etat, c'est moi" Contribution to Centralization | King Louis belief that he was the sole source of authority, had complete political power over France |
| Jizya Definition | A tax on non-muslims implemented by the Ottomans, Safvids, and Mughals |
| Jizya Contribution to Centralization | To incentivize people to convert to Islam (The religion of the ruler) |
| Machiavelli Definition | A political theorist from Florence who wrote "The Prince" |
| Machiavelli Contribution to Centralization | Many absolute rulers using ideas from "The Prince" to gain/keep power strategically allow local lords or provinces to maintain their own militias or defenses, as long as they reported to the central government and provided support when needed |
| Absolutism Definition | When one ruler with complete control of their country |
| Absolutism Contribution to Centralization | One ruler got to control all aspects of the country. It decreased the influence of the nobility and local authorities |
| Bureaucracy Definition | A government where most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives |
| Bureaucracy Contribution to Centralization | It established a order like structure with a professional administration that in forces a central government's policies, laws, and collects taxes across the territory |
| Peter the Great Definition | He was an emperor of Russia, known for his extensive and forceful reforms |
| Peter the Great Contribution to Centralization | He reformed the government, military, and society to decrease the influence of the aristocracy and create a stronger, more efficient state |
| Divine Right Definition | The political and religious belief that a monarch's authority to rule comes directly from God, not from the consent of the people |
| Divine Right Contribution to Centralization | Advancing the monarchs' authority came directly from God, making their rule absolute and unquestionable |
| Janissaries Definition | elite infantrymen of the Ottoman Sultan |
| Janissaries Contribution to Centralization | Created a professional standing army directly loyal to the sultan, rather than to feudal lords, and instilled loyalty to the central authority |
| Louis XIV Definition | Was the King of France also known as the "Sun King". He is a symbol of absolute monarchy |
| Louis XIV Contribution to Centralization | Decreased the power of the nobility, weakening regional courts, and creating a more professional bureaucracy, all centered around one person |
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