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pharmacology 5

TermDefinition
Anxiolytic Drug used to treat anxiety enhance binding of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) GABAA receptor binding causes chloride ion (Cl−) channels to open The influx of chloride ions decreases neuronal excitability.
generalized anxiety disorder.: Condition that is associated with excessive worrying and tension that is experienced daily for more than 6 months.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder A condition associated with an inability to control or stop repeated unwanted thoughts or behaviors
Panic disorder Condition associated with repeated sudden onset of feelings of terror ⬤ Occurs twice as frequently in women as in men. ⬤ It may be accompanied by major depression. ⬤ may be triggered by a phobia.
Phobia Irrational fear of things or situations that produce symptoms of intense anxiety
Posttraumatic stress disorder Stress disorder that develops in persons who have participated in, witnessed, or been a victim of a terrifying event.
Social anxiety disorder A chronic mental health condition in which social interactions cause irrational anxiety affects 15 million adults or 6.8% of the US population ⬤ Women are twice as likely to be affected as men.
Population most likley to develop generalized anxiety disorder.: 1.1% of Canadians between the ages of 15 and 64 Women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed .
Drugs that affect the neurotransmitters administered for the treatment of anxiety. ⮚ γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ⮚ Serotonin (5-HT) ⮚ Norepinephrine (NE)
Benzodiazepines used in the treatment of short-term anxiety High degree of lipid solubility ⮚ Accounts for their rapid and complete absorption ⮚ Enables the drugs to readily cross the blood–brain barrier
Azapirones Buspirone do not produce tolerance or dependence. ⬤ Maximum therapeutic effects are achieved 1 to 3 weeks ⬤ Food increases the drug’s bioavailability ⬤ partial agonists at the 5-HT1A receptors.
Benzodiazepines: Adverse Reactions ⬤ Sedation ⬤ Ataxia (the loss of full control of bodily movements.) ⬤ Confusion ⬤ Reduced motor performance ⬤ Reduced cognitive functions and memory (amnesia) ⬤ Tolerance and dependence
Buspirone: Adverse Reactions ⬤ Dizziness ⬤ Restlessness ⬤ Headache ⬤ Nausea ⬤ Diarrhea ⬤ Insomnia
Hydroxyzine antihistamine approved for the treatment of anxiety. histamine-1 receptor antagonist. contraindicated in men with prostate disease and in lactating women
Hydroxyzine: Adverse Reactions ⬤ Sedation ( increased when taken with other CNS depressants or alcohol) ⬤ Dizziness ⬤ Headache ⬤ Dry mucous membranes ⬤ Urinary retention
Antidepressants Used in the Treatment of OCD Clomipramine, Fluoxetine and sertralin
Sertraline Antidepressants Used in the Treatment of OCD, panic disorder, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Mechanism of Action of ssris inhibit 5-HT reuptake into the presynaptic neuron, increasing 5-HT availability at postsynaptic receptor sites.
MOA tricyclic antidepressants (TCAS) inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT and noradrenaline
5-HT serotonin
MOA MAOI binding increases synaptic availability of 5-HT, noradrenaline, and dopamine.
Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists BETA-BLOCKERS EX propranolol are administered to reduce palpitations due to anxiety not approved by the FDA for the treatment of anxiety
Benzodiazepine Warning Labels ⬤ May cause drowsiness; may impair ability to drive ⬤ Avoid alcohol ⬤ May be habit forming ⬤ Do not crush, break, or chew (extended release)
Buspirone Warning Labels ⬤ May cause dizziness or drowsiness ⬤ May impair ability to drive ⬤ Take with food ⬤ Should be used with caution in patients with liver or kidney diseasE
Hydroxyzine Warning Labels ⬤ May cause drowsiness; alcohol may intensify this effect ⬤ May impair ability to drive
Created by: user-1991937
 

 



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