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Path Ch 12
Pathology Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Presence of a combo of symptoms that commonly occur together and are related to a single cause | syndrome |
| Neuro condition where an infants head is significantly smaller than similar children | microcephaly |
| A lack of shortage. | deficiency |
| A DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material. | chromosome |
| Pairs of chromosomes, that look the same in both sexes. | autosome |
| Sex chromosomes. | allosome |
| female chromosome | xx |
| male chromsome | xy |
| deficiency in vitamin B1- thiamine | beriberi |
| what is thiamine essential for | promoting growth, maintaining muscle tone and heart function |
| beriberi is caused by | poor diet |
| chronic lack of niacin B3 | pellagra |
| lack of vitamin C | scurvy |
| what does scurvy look like on xray | Pelkan Spur, Wimberger’s sign |
| who is scurvy common in | sailors; don't eat enough fruits and veggies |
| vitamin D deficiency | rickets |
| causes of rickets | lack of calcium, malnutrition, lack of sunlight |
| what do the legs of children with rickets look lik | bow legged |
| causes of vitamin A deficiency | Iron deficiency, alcoholism |
| symptoms of someone who has vitamin A deficiency | night blindness, infections, dry eyes |
| what does vitamin A play a major role in | phototransduction- turns light into images |
| what is vitamin K necessary for | blood clotting |
| Condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins | Hypervitaminosis |
| hypervitaminosis occurs in what vitamins | D,E,K,A |
| what does increased vitamin D cause | hypercalcemia in organs |
| Kwashiorkor | Severe proteins-calorie deficiency. |
| symptoms of Kwashiorkor | Delayed growth in children, swollen belly, frequent infections |
| Excess of adipose tissue that develops when caloric intake exceeds calories burned | obesity |
| A connective tissue disorder; most likely an immune complex disease | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| common symptom of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | butterfly rash |
| Occurs when the pigment-producing cells that give color to the skin become cancerous | melanoma |
| t/f: melanoma is extremely malignant and mets through the whole body | true |
| A group of chronic inherited conditions where fat replaces muscle | muscular dystrophy |
| how many different types of muscular dystrophy are there | 9 |
| how many chromosomes does a normal person have | 46; 23 pairs |
| Most common trisomy disorder | down syndrome |
| what is down syndrome caused by | extra autosomal chromosome |
| what does a down syndrome persons pelvis resemble | mickey mouse; decrease in acetabular and iliac angles with hypoplasia |
| Sex chromosome trisomy disorder. | Klinefelter’s Syndrome |
| t/f: males with Klinefelter’s Syndrome have 2x chromosomes and small testes that fail to mature | true |
| female with 1 x chromosome | turners syndrome |
| symptoms of turners syndrome | Short stature, delayed puberty, infertility, heart defects and certain learning disabilities webbed neck |
| what is a sign of turner syndrome on an xray | metacarpal sign |
| signs of marfan syndrome | Long arms, legs and fingers, Tall and thin body type, Curved spine, Chest sinks in or sticks out, Flexible joints, Flat feet, Crowded teeth |
| Inherited generalized disorder of connective tissue with ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular manifestations | marfan syndrome |
| An inborn error of the metabolism of the amino acid methionine | Homocystinuria |
| t/f: Homocystinuria causes a defect in the structure of collagen and elastin | true |
| Enzyme deficiency leading to excessive phenylalanine | Phenylketonuria |
| what can Phenylketonuria cause | Microcephaly, hyperactivity, seizures, brain atrophy. |
| Rare enzyme deficiency leading to excessive homogentisic acid | Alkaptonuria |
| Inborn error of amino acid transport characterized by impaired tubular absorption | Cystinuria |
| what is glycogen storage used for | to maintain blood glucose and provide energy |
| Hereditary disease in which the metabolism and storage of fats is abnormal | Gaucher’s Disease |
| what does a Gaucher’s Disease xray look like | loss of bone density in extremities |
Created by:
rnmps