Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NUR 237 unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the main structures of the eye? | Cornea, lens, iris, pupil, retina, macula, optic nerve, sclera. |
| What conditions commonly cause preventable visual loss? | Diabetic retinopathy, hypertension-related retinopathy, open-angle glaucoma. |
| What are key prevention strategies? | Good blood sugar control, BP management, regular eye exams, protective eyewear. |
| What is an important communication rule with visually impaired patients? | Announce yourself before touching; speak normally (not loudly). |
| What are common correction methods? | Glasses, contacts, PRK, LASIK, radial keratotomy. |
| What are symptoms of dry eye? | Tearing, soreness, gritty sensation. |
| What is keratitis? | Corneal inflammation. |
| What is a corneal ulcer? | Infection causing an open sore on the cornea. |
| What is the key postoperative focus after keratoplasty? | Preventing increased intraocular pressure and protecting the graft. |
| What is a chemical burn priority? | Immediate irrigation. |
| What is enucleation? | Removal of the eye. |
| What are two surgery methods for cataracts? | Extracapsular extraction and small-incision cataract surgery. |
| What are important rules when giving eye drops? | Wash hands, avoid contaminating the tip, apply pressure to inner canthus. |
| What are activity restrictions after surgery? | Maintain head position, avoid bending/straining, protect eye from water. |
| What are the two main types of glaucoma? | Open-angle (chronic) and narrow-angle (acute) glaucoma. |
| What are symptoms of Open-Angle Glaucoma? | Often none early; gradual visual field loss. |
| How is Open-Angle Glaucoma diagnosis ? | Tonometry |
| How is Open-Angle Glaucoma treated? | Medications and possibly surgery. |
| What are the symptoms of Narrow-Angle Glaucoma? | Sudden severe eye pain, halos, blurred vision. |
| What is emergency treatment of Narrow-Angle Glaucoma? | Pilocarpine, topical epinephrine, IV acetazolamide; surgery after inflammation subsides. |
| Macula vision | Responsible for central vision the part of the retina responsible for sharp, clear, straight-ahead vision needed for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. |
| Binocular vision | ability to use both eyes together to focus on an object, allowing for depth perception, a single fused image, and accurate spatial judgment. |
| What symptoms indicate a retinal detachment? | Flashes of light, floaters, curtain-like vision loss. |
| What treatments exist for retinal detachment? | Laser therapy, cryotherapy, scleral buckle, vitrectomy. |
| Main cause of retinopathy | Diabetes or hypertension damaging retinal vessels. |
| Retinopathy treatment | Control glucose/BP, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy. |
| What are the two types of Macular Degeneration? | Dry (atrophic) and wet (exudative). |
| Symptoms of Macular Degeneration | Central vision loss, scotomas, distortion. |
| Wet AMD treatment for macular degeneration? | VEGF inhibitors (Lucentis, Avastin, Eylea). |
| PEARL | Pupils Equal AND Reactive To light |
| Preshyopia | gradual loss of your eye's ability to focus on near objects (due to age) |
| Hyperopia | (far sightedness, can't see close) a vision condition where light focuses behind the retina instead of on it, causing nearby objects to appear blurry |
| Myopia | (can see close up, can't see far) a common vision problem where distant objects appear blurry because the eye focuses light in front of the retina |
| Diplopia | Double vision (see two) |
| Xanthelasma | Soft turns hard yellow excessive lipids form outside the eyelids |
| Cataracts | a clouding of the eye's lens that leads to blurry vision |
| Entropion | a condition where the eyelid turns inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the eye, leading to irritation, redness, tearing, and potential corneal damage |
| Ectropion | a condition where the eyelid turns outward, most commonly the lower eyelid, exposing the inner surface of the lid and the eye (Usually due to age lack of muscle tone) (Usually dry gritty feeling) |
| Glaucoma | increased eye pressure Optic neuropathy caused by damage to optic disc → vision loss. |
| Astigmatism | curved cornea or lens, which leads to blurred or distorted vision at all distances |
| Nystagmus | rapid involuntary movements of the eyes (often seen in albino people) |
| Vitreous humor | a clear, jelly-like substance that fills the largest part of the eye, between the lens and the retina (brings shape to eye) |
| Aqueous humor | (front of eye) sit under cornea measured to determine if someone has glaucoma a clear, water-like fluid that fills the front part of the eye, specifically the anterior and posterior chambers |
| Why are albino people pupils pink? | from the blood vessels at the back of the eye showing through the lack of pigment |
| KER prefix meaning | cornea |
| macular degeneration | loss of central vison (affects driving can't see straight ahead) |
| What part of the sclera can we see | 1/6 (white of the eye) |
| Uvea | the middle layer of the eye, located between the sclera (outer white layer) and the retina (inner layer) |
| Uveitis | Inflammation of the uvea |
| Arcus | "Circle simi" lipid form around permitters of persons eye non harmful |
| Preshycussis | loss of hearing due to age |
| Ptosis | (Lazy eye) drooping of the upper eyelid due to paralysis or disease, or as a congenital condition. |
| A nurse evaluates the visual acuity of a patient using the Snellen chart. Which statement is true regarding the use of the Snellen chart? | The patient reads the letters using one eye at a time. |
| While looking at a card with a geometric grid of identical squares, a patient is asked to focus on a central dot and to describe any distortions of the surrounding boxes. Which patient statement indicates a need for further diagnostic testing? | “There are wavy lines around the central dot.” |
| During a health care provider visit, a 65-year-old male complains of pain in his right eye associated with excessive tearing. You note that the eye is red with lashes rubbing against the cornea. A likely condition would be: | entropion. |
| Which nursing action(s) demonstrate(s) appropriate care of a patient who is visually impaired? (Select all that apply.) | Introduce yourself before touching. Ensure ready access to the call button for assistance. Assist with feeding using the clock method. |
| A male patient was informed that he would need to wear a pair of corrective lenses for astigmatism. When asked about the condition, the patient demonstrates understanding when he states that: | “Astigmatism is an irregular curvature of the cornea.” |
| Which instruction must be included in the discharge teaching of a patient who has undergone corneal transplant? | Wear an eye shield when in close contact with children or pets. |
| An older adult is admitted for cataract extraction. Which sign or symptom is associated with this condition? | Increasing complaints about glare |
| People with diabetes may face several eye problems and diseases as a complication of their illness. Which of the following can cause severe vision loss or blindness in a person with diabetes? (Select all that apply.) | Glaucoma Retinopathy Cataracts |
| After eye surgery, a patient is instructed to avoid movements that increase the venous pressure in the head, neck, and eyes. Which movement(s) increase(s) venous pressure? (Select all that apply.) | Straining Bending over Sudden head movements Strenuous exercises |
| A female complains of eye itching, tearing, halos around lights, and decreased central vision. Which symptom most clearly relates to macular degeneration? | Decreased central vision |
| Before eye surgery, a patient is instructed to take stool softeners. When asked about the rationale for taking the stool softener, an appropriate response would be: | “The medication reduces the possibility of straining at stool postoperatively.” |
| What advice may you give to an aging adult to help prevent macular degeneration? (Select all that apply.) | Do not smoke or quit if you do smoke. Maintain a healthy weight; especially do not carry weight around the waist. |
| Jelly like liquid that determines if someone has glaucoma | The aqueous humor |
| Can someone skip there glaucoma medication | No glaucoma medication has to be taken every single day for the rest of their life |
| Normal range of aqueous humor in eye | 10-20mmHg |
| Snellen chart | chart used to check vision line to line using letters and numbers |
| Tonometer | Measures the aqueous humor liquid range to determine if someone has glaucoma |
| 20/40 vision | normal vision sees 20 feet a person who sees it will see 20 feet as 40 |
| Ishihara chart | used to test color blindness |
| Amsler grid | line grid used to check macula vison |
| hordeolum | also known as (stye) red bump caused by infection build up of oil |
| When administering eye drops and ointment what goes first and last | Eye drop first wait 5 mins then administer ointment |
| Canthus | the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the upper and lower lids meet. |
| Trabecular | a spongy tissue that soaks up the aqueous humor, the fluid inside the front of the eye |
| What's the best fluid for irrigation | STERLIE normal saline |
| First cloth folded second isn't | pressure dressing for eye |
| Reason elderly usually have Presbycussis | Lot of cermen (ear wax) |
| Lutein | Food in fresh red tomatoes good for eyes and a antioxidant |
| If something is embedded in the eye | patch BOTH eyes, get the person to medical attention (NURSE DO NOT PULL ANYTHING OUT OF EYES) |
| part of the eye that is colored | Iris |
| If person has service dog | don't disturb dog let the dog work |
| Uvea | helps feed nutrients to aqueous humor |
| Corneal transplant | keratoplasty |
| What postion should the pt be in | sitting up |
| Associated glaucoma | secondary glaucoma caused by another health condition |
| Classic sign for glaucoma | rainbow halo colored lights |
| classic sign for cataracts | blurred vision |
| What should a person with glaucoma be wearing | ID tag stating "glaucoma" |
| S/S of macular deterioration | Blurred vision, presence of scotomas, or distortion of vision gradually occurs |
| After corneal surgery pt needs to wear a eye shield or dressing at night | to protect eye |
| time to heal for eye surgery | 3 months |
| Ear divided into three sections | outer, inner middle |
| What is conductive hearing loss? | Impaired sound transmission through outer/middle ear. |
| What is sensorineural hearing loss? | Damage to cochlea or auditory nerve. (inner ear) |
| Causes of Conductive Hearing Loss | Too much ear wax, Impacted cerumen, otitis externa/media, otosclerosis, TM scarring, congenital defects. |
| Causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss | Presbycusis, ototoxic drugs, loud noise, tumors, infections, Meniere disease. |
| oto prefix | Ear |
| otoscopic | tool used to check ear |
| What are signs of ototoxicity? | Tinnitus, decreased hearing, difficulty hearing speech. |
| organ of corti | hair in ear produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations. |
| What does the Romberg test assess? | Balance |
| Should you speak into the ear? | No — prevents lip-reading. |
| Known ototoxic drug | aspirin that cause tinnitus (ringing of the ears) |
| Meniere disease | extreme vertigo, an inner ear disorder that causes a combination of symptoms, including vertigo, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), hearing loss, and a feeling of ear fullness or pressure |
| Tympanoplasty | a surgical procedure to repair a ruptured or perforated eardrum to restore hearing and prevent infection |
| tympanic membrane | a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear |
| Tunning fork diagnostic test | Weber and Rinne test |
| Nystagmus test | ice cold water in ears to see how eyes react |
| When someone is reading your lips | Be eye level, smile, don't chew gum, be in well lit room with lighting on your face and speak 50% effective |
| What’s the best distance to speak from? | 2.5–4 feet. |
| If a hearing aid doesn’t work, what should be checked first? | Power switch, battery, wax blockage, connections. |
| When inserting and taking out hearing aid make sure it is | OFF |
| Tepid water | luke warm water |
| How to treat external otitis | Irrigation, antibiotics/antifungals, drying agents. |
| What water temperature should be used for irrigation? | Tepid (luke warm temp). |
| What usually precedes otitis media? | Upper respiratory infection. |
| precedes otitis media symptoms | Fullness, pain, tinnitus, hearing impairment. |
| otitis media TX | Antihistamines, decongestants, antibiotics; myringotomy for repeated cases. |
| Labyrinthitis | an inner ear inflammation, usually caused by a viral infection, that leads to symptoms like vertigo, dizziness, hearing loss, and tinnitus |
| Labyrinthitis symptoms | Sudden vertigo, nausea/vomiting, unsteady gait. |
| Labyrinthitis TX | Antiemetics, antihistamines, anticholinergics; safety precautions. |
| Meniere disease TX | IV diazepam valium |
| Long-term management of Meniere disease | Low-sodium diet, fluid restriction, diuretics |
| Acoustic Neuroma | Benign tumor on cranial nerve VIII. (8) if left untreated can cause deafness |
| Acoustic Neuroma symptoms | Gradual unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus. |
| Acoustic Neuroma TX | Surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy. |
| What occurs in otosclerosis? | Abnormal bone growth in the inner ear. |
| otosclerosis symptoms | Difficulty hearing others; own voice sounds loud. |
| otosclerosis TX | Hearing aid or surgery (tympanoplasty). |
| Ear drops are given by | pulling the ear pulling the pinna up and back |
| When administering a medication that indicates that ototoxicity is a possible side effect, what symptoms should be monitored? (Select all that apply.) | Poor balance Tinnitus Dizziness |
| A nurse applies a vibrating tuning fork to the middle of a patient’s forehead. What response would indicate normal hearing? | Hearing the sound in the middle of the head |
| When administering ear drops to an adult, you would: | draw the pinna upward and toward the back of the head. |
| When communicating with a patient who is hearing impaired, you should: (Select all that apply.) | sit at eye level facing the patient enunciate clearly use simple, short sentences |
| While ambulating, a patient with Ménière disease complains of dizziness and vertigo. An immediate nursing action would be to: | have the patient sit down |
| Older adults are more prone to conductive hearing loss and tinnitus because of: | hardened cerumen |
| You emphasize safety precautions to an 80-year-old female patient with Ménière disease. An appropriate nursing approach would be to: | address decision making with the patient |
| A 59-year-old patient with labyrinthitis is requesting to get up to go to the bathroom. What nursing interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) | Medicate for nausea Assist with ambulation (fall risk) Have patient sit up slowly (orthostatic + dizziness) |
| Which statement by the patient indicates that further teaching is needed regarding home instructions after ear surgery? | “I will be able to fly to see my grandson this weekend.” |
Created by:
kaimcd