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Ch.1 Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things. |
| Microscope | An instrument that makes small objects look larger. |
| Cell Theory | A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid supporting layer that surround the cells of plants and some other organisms. |
| Cell Membrane | A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell. |
| Nucleus | 1.In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities. 2. The central core of an atom which contains protons and neutrons. 3. The solid inner core of a comet. |
| Organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. |
| Ribosome | A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces protein. |
| Cytoplasm | The thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes). |
| Mitochondria | Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | An organelle that forms a maze of [passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. |
| Golgi apparatus | An organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them,k and distributes them to other parts of the cell. |
| Vacuole | A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials. |
| Chloroplast | An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes in to an energy from that cells can use in making food. |
| Lysosome | A cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and that can be used by the rest of the cells. |
| Multicellular | Consisting of many cells. |
| Unicellular | Made of a single cell. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a specific function. |
| Organ | A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform a major function. |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means. |
| Compound | A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion. |
| Carbohydrate | An energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen. |
| Lipid | An energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax,that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Protein | Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
| Enzyme | 1. A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing. 2. A biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy or reactions in the cells. |
| Nucleic Acid | A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. |
| Double Helix | The shape of a DNA molecule, |
Created by:
ifust002