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ch1 intro to cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | the basic unit of function and structure in living things |
| microscope | an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| cell theory | a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| cell wall | a rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other living organisms |
| cell membrane | a thin flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell |
| nucleus | 1)in cells a large oval organelle that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA and controls any of the cells activities. 2) the central core of an atom which contains protons and neutrons |
| organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| ribosome | a small grain shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins |
| cytoplasm | the thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus (in eukaryotes) |
| mitochondira | rod shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an organelle that forms a maze of passageways in in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another |
| Golgi apparatus | an organelle in a cell that receives protiens and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell |
| vacuole | a sack like organelle that stores water food and other materials |
| chloroplast | an organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food |
| lysosome | a cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| multicellar | consisting of many cells |
| unicellar | made of a single cell |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that preform a specific function |
| organ | a body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to preform a major function |
| element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means |
| compound | a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio or proportion |
| carbohydrate | an energy rich such as sugar or a starch that is made of the elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen |
| lipid | an energy rich organic compound such as fat oil or waxthagt is made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen |
| protein | large organic molecule made of carbon hydrogen opxygen nitrogen and sometimes sulfur |
| enzyme | 1) a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing 2) a biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy or reactions in cells |
| nucleic acid | a very large organic molecule made of carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and phosphorus that contains that instructions cells need to to carry out all the functions of life |
| DNA | deoxyribonucliec acid; the genetic material that caries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| double helix | the shape of a DNA molecule |
| selectively permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot |
| passive transport | the movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using cellular energy |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
| active transport | the movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy |
| endocytosis | the process by which the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particles |
| exocytosis | the process by which vacuole surrounding particles fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents out of the cell |
Created by:
emiles043