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Ch 1 cells

TermDefinition
cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
microscope An instrument that makes small objects look larger.
cell theory A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
cell wall A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
cell membrane A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell.
nucleus In cells, a large oval organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
organelle A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
ribosome A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins.
cytoplasm The thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane or between the cell membrane and nucleus.
mitochondria Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
endoplasmic reticulume An organelle that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one parts of the cell to another
Golgi apparatus An organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
vacuole A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.
chloroplast An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy from that cells can use in making food.
lysosome A cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and that can be used by the rest of the cell.
multicellular Consisting of many cells.
unicellular Made of a single cell.
tissue A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
organ A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue that work together.
organ system A group of organs that work together to perform a major function.
element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
compound A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion.
carbohydrate An energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
lipid An energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxgyen.
protein Large organic molecule made of carbon.
enzyme A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
nucleic acid A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and its passed from parent to offspring.
double helix The shape of a DNA molecule.
Created by: oamore002
 

 



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