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Intro to Cells L1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Microscope | An instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| cell theory | A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| cell wall | A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cell of plants and some other organisms |
| cell membrane | A thin, fixable barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances pass into and out of a cell |
| nucleus | In cells, a large oval organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cell's activities |
| organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cells |
| ribosome | A small grain-shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces protiens |
| cytoplasmic | The thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane ( in prokaryotes) or between the cell membrane and nucleus ( in eukaryotes) |
| mitochondria | Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions |
| endoplasmic reticulum | An organelle that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another |
| golgi apparatus | An organelle in a cell that receives proteins an other newly formed materials form the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell |
| vacuole | A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials |
| chloroplast | An organelle in the cells of plants some other organisms that capture energy from the sunlight and changes it to energy from that cells can in making food |
| lysosome | A cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones an that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| multicellular | Consisting of many cells. |
| unicellular | Made of a single cell |
| tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
| organ | A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue that work together |
| organ system | A group of organs that work together to perform a major function |
| element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means |
| compound | A substance made if two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion |
| carbhydrae | An energy-rich organic compound, such divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them |
| lipid | An energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| protien | Large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| nucleic acid | A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus that contains the instruction cells need to carry out the functions of life. |
| DNA | Dexyribonuleuc acid the genetic material that carries information about an organism and it’s past form parent to offspring |
| double helix | The shape of a DNA molecule |
| selectively permeable | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass across it, while others cannot. |
| passive transport | The movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using cellular energy |
| diffusion | The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
| active transport | The movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy |
| endocytosis | The process by which the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particles |
| exocytosis | The process by which the vacuole surrounding the particles fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of a cell. |
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