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Bio Chap 6 Part 1 Vo
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell membrane | A lipid bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm; separates a cell from its external environment |
| Chloroplast | An organelle of photosynthesis in plants and photosynthetic protists; light dependent reactions occur at its inner thylakoid membrane; light dependent reactions, in the stroma |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that support, organize, and more eukaryotic cells and their internal structures |
| Endosymbiont theory | A theory that mitochondria and chlorplasts evolved from bacteria that entered and lived inside a host cell |
| Mitochondria | A doubled-membrane organelle that produces ATP by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes |
| Nucleus | Of an atom, central core area occupied by protons and neutrons; of and eukaryotic cell, organelle with a double membrane that holds the cell's DNA |
| Prokayote | An informal term for a single-celled organism without a nucleus; a bacterium or archaeon |
| Cytoplasm | A semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma membrane |
| Ribosomes | Complex structures made up of many protein and RNA molecules, builds proteins |
| Plasmid | Small circular molecules of DNA that carry a few genes. These genes can provide advantages such as resistance to anitbodies |
| Nuleoid | Irregularly shaped regions of cytoplasm that contain the cell's essential genetic information are called nucleoids |
| Cell wall | Protects the cell and supports its shape. Crystalline material makes it up and encloses the cell membrane in most prokaryotes |
| Pilus | A protein filament that projects from the surface of some prokaryotes |
| Flagellum | A long, slender structure used for movement |
| Eukaryote | Any single-celled or multicellular organisms whose cells contain a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus; a protist, fungus, plant, or animals |
| Vesicles | A sac-like, membrane enclosed organelle; different kinds store, transport, or break down their contents |
| Vacuoles | A large fluid filled vesicle that isolates or breaks down waste, debris, toxins, or food |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | A membrane-enclosed organelle that is a system of sacs and tubes extending from the nuclear envelope |
| Golgi body | A membrane-enclosed organelle that modifies proteins and Lipids, then shorts the finished products into vesicles |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell takes in a small amount of extracellular fluid by the ballooning inward of the plasma membrane |
| Exocytosis | A process by which a cell expels a vesicle's contexts to extracellular fluid |
| Facilitated diffusion | A passive transport mechanism in which a solute follows its concentration gradient across a membrane by moving through a transport protein. |
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