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chapter 1 new book
lessons 1 2 and 3 new book page 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| system | a group of parts that work together as a hole |
| energy | The ability to do work or cause change |
| atmosphere | The relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth's outermost layer. |
| geosphere | The densest parts of Earth that include the crust, mantle, and core. |
| hydrosphere | The portion of Earth that consists of water in any of its forms, including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and water vapor. |
| biosphere | The parts of Earth that contain living organisms. |
| constructive force | Any natural process that builds up Earth's surface. |
| destructive force | Any natural process that tears down or wears away Earth's surface. |
| seismic wave | Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an Earthquake. |
| pressure | The force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface. |
| crust | The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface. |
| basalt | A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust. |
| granite | A usually light- colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust. |
| mantle | The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core. |
| lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. |
| asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats. |
| outer core | A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth. |
| inner core | A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth. |
| radiation | The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. |
| convection | The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid. |
| conduction | The transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another. A method of charging an object by allowing electrons to flow from one object to another object through direct contact. |
| density | The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. (mass divided by volume) |
| convection current | The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. |