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Chapter 1 es
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| system | A group of parts that work together as a whole. |
| energy | The ability to do work or cause change. |
| atmosphere | The relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth's outermost layer. |
| geosphere | The densest parts of Earth that include the crust, mantel, and core. |
| hydrophere | The portion of Earth that consists of water in any of its forms, including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and water vapor. |
| biosphere | The parts of Earth that contain living organisms. |
| constructive force | Any natural process that build up Earth's surface. |
| destructive force | Any natural process that tears down or wears away Earth's surface |
| seismic wave | vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during earthquakes. |
| pressure | The force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface. |
| crust | The layer of the rock that forms Earth's outer surface. |
| basalt | A dark dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust. |
| granite | A usually light-colored igneous rock that is found In continental crust. |
| mantel | The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core. |
| lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantel and the crust. |
| asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantel on which the lithosphere floats. |
| outer core | A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth. |
| inner core | A dense sphere of solid iron and nickle at the center of Earth. |