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integumentary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of tissue | histology |
| 3 layers of the integumentary system | epidermis, dermis, hypodermis |
| how many layers make up the epidermis | 5 |
| keratinocytes- location and their role | fibrous proteins that produce keratin. Epidermis. They keep the skin rigid. they degrade with age, causing wrinkling and thin skin. |
| melanocytes- location and their role | produce melanin for UV protection. Epidermis |
| Merkel cells- location and their role | immature sensory nerve cells. Epidermis. sends signals when touch is detected |
| Langerhans cells- location and function | epidermis. immature immune system cell. Send signals if pathogens are present |
| lamellated corpuscle | nerve sensing structures in the dermis- mechanoreceptors |
| difference between lamellated corpuscle and tactile corpuscle | they both are mechanoreceptors in the skin. Lamellated are larger and deeper than tactile curpuscles |
| what is the structure that looks like an egg crate and gives fingers their fingerprints | dermal papillae |
| function of sebaceous glands | to produce oil |
| erector pili muscle | attached to the hair follicle, pulls hair up. causes goosebumps |
| part of the hair that extends out of the pore | hair shaft |
| pores connect to what | sweat glands |
| what makes up the hypodermis | adipose, large blood vessels |
| where does blood travel during hypothermia vs hyperthermia | Hypothermia- blood travels to the core to stay warm hyperthermia- blood travels to the skin to cool down |
| causes of change in skin tone | nausea, cyanosis, sunburn, diet, temperature, jaundice |
| what is the rule of 9s | Scale for measuring what % of someone's bode has been burned. there are 12- 9% sections. 1%genitals |
| the 4 degrees of burns | 1st- epidermis (sunburn) 2nd- dermis, can cause blisters 3rd- all layers, causes fluid loss and infection 4th- all layers plus bone/muscle |
| ABCDE rule | acronym for if a mole is concerning Asymmetric, border, color, diameter, evolving |
| 5 types of receptors | chemo, thermo, photo, mechano, and nociceptors |
| nociceptors | interpret damage and pain to the brain |
| three main touch sensations | pressure, vibration, stretch |
| three receptors associated with touch | nociceptors (pain), mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors |
| main nerve associated with smell | olfactory nerve |
| what is smell | inhaling odorants and processing them in the brain |
| receptor type associated with smell | chemoreceptors |
| how do we gather smells | cilia in the mucosal membrane catch the particles and send a signal to nerve cells |
| the gustatory nerve is associated with what sense | taste |
| how many types of taste buds are there | 3 |
| Why is spicy not a type of taste | it excites pain receptors called nociceptors |
| taste is what % of smell | 80% |
| Vestibulocochlear nerve is associated with what sense | hearing |
| three parts of the ear | inner, middle, outer |
| tympanic membrane | the eardrum |
| the three smallest bones in the ear | stapes (stirrup) , incus (anvil), malleus (mallet) |
| where does hearing actually occur | organ of corti- spiral organ in the inner ear |
| what are otoliths | grains of calcium carbonate in the inner ear for equilibrium |
| accessory organs of the eye | eye lid, eyebrow, eyelash, and glands for moisture. |
| color portion of the eye | iris |
| clear portion of the eye located behind the pupil | lens |
| the front covering of the eye | cornea |
| light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) which convert light into electrical signals. | retina |
| The tough, white outer layer of the eyeball that protects the inner structures. | the sclera |
| the area where the retina does not pick up light | optic disc. blind spot |
| rods take in ____ light | dim light. |
| cones take in ____ light | bright light and color -- traffic cones are bright and colorful |
| what does it mean that our eyes are stereoscopic | each eye sees its own image but our brains process it as one |
| emmetropic eye shape | normal. light focuses directly onto the retina. |
| eye shape that causes nearsightedness (cannot see far) | Myopic |
| eye shape that causes farsightedness (cannot see close) | hyperopic |
| most common type of color blindness | red/green. X-linked |
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