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Earth's surface
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| system | a group of parts that work to gather as a whole |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| atmosphere | the relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth's outermost layer |
| geosphere | the densest part of earth that includes the crust mantle and core |
| hydrosphere | the portion of earth that consists of watering any of its forms including oceans glaciers rivers lakes ground water and water vapor |
| biosphere | the parts of earth that contain living organisims |
| constructive force | any natural process that build up Earth's surface |
| destructive force | any natural process that tears down or wears away earths surface |
| seismic wave | vibrations that travel through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
| pressure | the force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface |
| crust | the layer of rock that forms Earth's surface |
| basalt | a dark dense igneous rock with a fine texture found in oceanic crust |
| granite | a usually light colored igneous rock that Is found in the continental Crust |
| mantel | the layer of hot solid material between earths crust and core |
| lithosphere | a ridged layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantel and the crust |
| athenosphere | the soft layer of the mantle on Which the lithosphere floats |
| outer core | a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the earth |
| inner core | a dense sphere of solid iron and nickle at the center of the earth |
| radiation | the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluid |
| density | the ratio of the mass of its substance to its volume |
| convection current | the movement of fluid caused by differences in temperature that transfers heat from one part of fluid to another |
| conduction | the transfer of one partial of energy to another. a method of charging an object by allowing electrons to flow from one object to another object through direct contact |